Abstract
Effect of cold pre-treatment of panicles with reduced temperatures (of 5°C, 7°C, 8°C and 10°C) and exposure for different time durations (at weekly intervals up to 4 weeks) on anther culture of Japonica rice variety Hu lo tao, Indica rice varieties Bg 90-2, Bg 379-2 and their F1 hybrids for high frequency callus induction and plant regeneration was investigated. Anthers were cultured in N6 medium with 5% sucrose, 2 mg l-1 2,4 D and 0.5 mg l-1 Kinetin. The cultures were kept in the dark at 28 ± 2°C for callus induction. Induced calli of 1-2 mm diameter were transferred to half strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 2.0 mg l-1 Kinetin and 0.5 mg l-1 NAA. The effect of variety and cold pre-treatment was significant at 5% probability level. The Indica varieties had the lowest callus induction frequency (0.3% - 7.0%). Japonica and Japonica × Indica hybrids had high callus induction (12.3% - 70.0%). The F1 hybrid Hu lo tao × Bg 90-2 had comparatively high callus induction (31.0% - 70.0%) than the other genotypes. Japonica variety Hu lo tao and F1 hybrids had highest callus development at cold pre-treatment at 8°C for 14 and 21 days. The highest green plant regeneration was observed in F1 hybrid, Hu lo tao × Bg 90-2 followed by Japonica variety subjected to 8°C for 14 days. Very poor green plant regeneration was observed in Indica variety, Bg 90-2 when it was exposed to 7°C for 21 and 28 days. Variety Bg 379-2 did not produce any green plant at any treatment. The F1 hybrid Hu lo tao × Bg 379-2 produced lower green plants than F1 hybrid Hu lo tao × Bg 90-2. Cold pre treatment at 8°C temperature for 14 days was found to be most effective for anther culture in experimental genotypes used in the study. Key words: variety, cold pre-treatment, callus induction, plant regeneration, rice DOI: 10.4038/cjsbs.v38i1.1322 Cey. J. Sci. (Bio. Sci.) 38 (1): 11-16, 2009
Highlights
Anther culture has become a powerful tool for the rapid production of haploid and inbred lines used for obtaining hybrid cultivars (Sopory and Munshi, 1996) and it has reduced the time required for breeding new cultivars by at least 3 to 5 years ( Tai, 2003)
The aim of this study was to determine the optimum cold pre treatment temperature and time duration required for anther culture in selected Japonica, Indica rice varieties and their F1 hybrids for high frequency callus induction and plant regeneration
High callus induction frequency was observed in Japonica parent and Japonica × Indica hybrids than the Indica parents
Summary
Anther culture has become a powerful tool for the rapid production of haploid and inbred lines used for obtaining hybrid cultivars (Sopory and Munshi, 1996) and it has reduced the time required for breeding new cultivars by at least 3 to 5 years ( Tai, 2003). Production of haploids and dihaploid plants have been useful in providing access to recessive genes and for biotechnological manipulations (Sopory and Munshi, 1996). As Maheshwari et al, (1980) stated, certain physical and chemical treatments given to flower buds or anthers prior to culture, can be highly inductive to the development of pollen into plants. According to Genovesi and Magill (1979), cold treated anthers containing uninucleate microspores form callus at a much higher rate in rice
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