Effect of Low Temperature on Changes in AGP Distribution during Development of Bellis perennis Ovules and Anthers.

Agata Leszczuk,Barbara Chudzik,Artur Zdunek,Kinga Lewtak,Ewa Szczuka

doi:10.3390/cells10081880

Agata Leszczuk, Barbara Chudzik + Show 3 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/cells10081880

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Abstract

Arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) are a class of heavily glycosylated proteins occurring as a structural element of the cell wall-plasma membrane continuum. The features of AGPs described earlier suggest that the proteins may be implicated in plant adaptation to stress conditions in important developmental phases during the plant reproduction process. In this paper, the microscopic and immunocytochemical studies conducted using specific antibodies (JIM13, JIM15, MAC207) recognizing the carbohydrate chains of AGPs showed significant changes in the AGP distribution in female and male reproductive structures during the first stages of Bellis perennis development. In typical conditions, AGPs are characterized by a specific persistent spatio-temporal pattern of distribution. AGP epitopes are visible in the cell walls of somatic cells and in the megasporocyte walls, megaspores, and embryo sac at every stage of formation. During development in stress conditions, the AGP localization is altered, and AGPs entirely disappear in the embryo sac wall. In the case of male development, AGPs are present in the tapetum, microsporocytes, and microspores in normal conditions. In response to development at lower temperature, AGPs are localized in the common wall of microspores and in mature pollen grains. Additionally, they are accumulated in remnants of tapetum cells.

Highlights

Arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) are a group of structural proteins present in the extracellular matrix in plant cells [1,2,3]
The AGP epitopes revealed with JIM15 were observed in the developing functional megaspore wall (Figure 1G)
The presence of AGP epitopes was observed in the developing embryo sac

Summary

Introduction

Arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) are a group of structural proteins present in the extracellular matrix in plant cells [1,2,3]. AGPs are a class of the subfamily of hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins (HRGPs) characterized by a specific molecular structure. Formed carbohydrate chains of AGPs have an effect on proper action of AGPs and are involved in the establishment of cell wall-plasma membrane continuum and cross-linking with other cell-wall constituents [4,5]. AGPs are involved in assembly of the ARABINOXYLAN PECTIN ARABINOGALACTAN PROTEIN 1 complex—APAP1 [5], which is currently one of the most novel models of the cell wall structure and the type of binding components. GPI anchored proteins (GAPs) are regarded as candidates for plasma membrane-cell wall interactions [6]

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