Abstract
BackgroundType 2 diabetes is a serious problem for developed countries. Prevention of prediabetes progression to type 2 diabetes with the use of natural products appears to a cost-effective solution. Previously we showed that enzymatically digested low molecular weight chitosan-oligosaccharide with molecular weight (MW) below 1,000 Da (GO2KA1) has potential for hyperglycemia management.MethodsIn this study we evaluated the effect of long-term supplementation of GO2KA1 on hyperglycemia using a db/db mice model. Additionally, we evaluated the effect of GO2KA1 on sucrase and glucoamylase activities and expression, using the same db/db mice model.ResultsAfter 42 days we observed that GO2KA1 supplementation reduced both the blood glucose level and HbA1c in a similar manner with a known anti-diabetic drug, acarbose. When the sucrase and glucoamylase activities of GO2KA1 and control mice were evaluated using enzymatic assay, we observed that GO2KA1 significantly inhibited sucrase in all 3 parts of the intestine, while glucoamylase activity was significantly reduced only in the middle and lower part. When the sucrase-isomaltase (SI) complex expression on mRNA level was evaluated, we observed that GO2KA1 had minimal inhibitory effect on the upper part, more pronounced inhibitory effect on the middle part, while the highest inhibition was observed on the lower part. Our findings suggest that long-term GO2KA1 supplementation in db/db mice results to significant blood glucose and HbA1c reduction, to levels similar with those of acarbose. Furthermore, our findings confirm previous in vitro observations that GO2KA1 has inhibitory effect on carbohydrate hydrolysis enzymes, namely sucrase, maltase and SI complex.ConclusionsResults from this study provide a strong rationale for the use of GO2KA1 for type 2 diabetes prevention, via inhibition of carbohydrate hydrolysis enzymes. Based on the findings of this animal trial, clinical trials will be designed and pursued.
Highlights
IntroductionPrevention of prediabetes progression to type 2 diabetes with the use of natural products appears to a cost-effective solution
Type 2 diabetes is a serious problem for developed countries
Pre-diabetes is a condition in which individuals have blood glucose levels higher than normal but not high enough to be classified as diabetes [2]
Summary
Prevention of prediabetes progression to type 2 diabetes with the use of natural products appears to a cost-effective solution. Diabetes is a group of diseases marked by high levels of blood glucose resulting from defects in insulin production, insulin action, or both [1]. At least 347 million people worldwide have diabetes and this figure is likely to double by 2030 [3]. In United States, in 2010, 25.8 million people (10% of American adults) had diabetes and by 2050 this figure is expected to jump to 33%, or one-third of all American adults [1]. Diabetes cost Americans $174 billion to manage in 2007 - a figure that is expected to skyrocket based on the latest estimates of the Center for Disease Control (CDC) [1]
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