Abstract
<p>The study is focused on analysis of mechanical behavior of hen’s eggshell expressed in terms of average rupture force and corresponding deformation. Some other physical properties such as mass, length, diameter, geometric mean diameter, surface area, sphericity, and volume were also evaluated. The egg samples were compressed along their <em>X </em>and <em>Z</em>-axes. Two different experimental methods were used: compression between two plates (loading rates 0.0167, 0.167, and 1.67 mm/s) and impact of a free-falling cylindrical bar (loading rates up to 17 mm/s). Surface displacement and surface velocity were measured using the laser-vibrometer. The increase in rupture force with loading rate was observed for loading in all direction (along main axes). Dependence of the rupture force on loading rate was quantified and described. The highest rupture force was obtained when the eggs were loaded along the <em>X</em>-axis. Compression along the <em>Z</em>-axis required the least compressive force to break the eggshells.</p>
Highlights
A chicken egg is a packaged food and an important quality aspect of the packaged egg material is the mechanical strength of the eggshell (Altuntaş & Şekeroğlu, 2008)
Breaking of the eggshell is due to forces acting on the eggs under quasi-static conditions, as at the bottom of a pile of loaded trays, but the greater part occurs under dynamic conditions: when an egg falls on to the cage floor at oviposition, when it rolls out of the cage and hits another on the rollaway, when it hits a collection-belt guide-bar, when it is dropped on to a grading machine bobbin or on to the grading table after weight grading and when it hits the end of the grading table or another egg already there (Carter, 1976)
Influence of the loading rate was previously investigated using the most common technique for the measurement of the eggshell strength, when an egg is compressed between two plane plates
Summary
A chicken egg is a packaged food and an important quality aspect of the packaged egg material is the mechanical strength of the eggshell (Altuntaş & Şekeroğlu, 2008). The rupture force of hen eggs depends on various factors such as breeding conditions (Lichovníková & Zeman, 2008), the breed of hen (Máchal, 2002), diet (Lichovníková et al, 2008), egg shape (Havlíček et al, 2008; Nedomová et al, 2009), microstructure (Severa et al, 2010a; Severa et al, 2010b), temperature (Voisey & Hamilton, 1976) and other parameters. The aim of this paper and research is to use both experimental techniques mentioned above in order to obtain the rupture force of the eggshell in broad spectrum of the loading rates
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