Abstract
An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of lime and farmyard manure on the concentration of cadmium in water spinach. Water spinach (Ipomoea aquaticacv. Kankon) was grown in sandy loam soil spiked with 5 mg Cd with lime (L) and farmyard manure (M) amendments. The treatments consisted of control, four levels of L (5, 10, 15, and 20 t ), M (5, 10, 15, and 20 t ), and their combinations (55, 1010, 1515, and 2020 t ). Growth parameters of water spinach increased significantly with the addition of lime and farmyard manure in the soil. Lime addition to soil decreased Cd concentration in both shoot and root of water spinach. In control (00), Cd concentration was 62.67 mg in shoot, and 135.5 mg in root. Cadmium concentration decreased by 72, 15, and 66% over the control in shoot and 82, 28, and 76% in the roots correspondingly with the highest rate of lime (20 t ), manure (20 t ), and lime plus manure combinations (20 t 20 t ). The results imply that 5 to 10 t lime could be used in Cd-contaminated soils to reduce Cd uptake by agricultural crops.
Highlights
Intensive industrial activities and agricultural development can usually cause environmental problems due to heavy metal contamination
Cadmium concentrations in roots and in shoots of water spinach, and soil pH were affected by lime and farmyard
Height of plants after 45 days of growth varied from 44 cm in control to 64 cm in 20 t ha−1 lime plus 20 t ha−1 farmyard manure (L20 + M20) treated pots (Table 3)
Summary
Intensive industrial activities and agricultural development can usually cause environmental problems due to heavy metal contamination. Concentration of heavy metals, especially cadmium (Cd) is low in soils, except in those derived from shales [1]. Cadmium is not essential to biota and it is toxic to human at lower concentrations than those toxic to plants. The limit of cadmium concentration in soil associated to biomass reduction for the majority of agricultural plants is reported to be between 5 and 15 mg Cd kg−1 of soil [5]. Growth reduction of lettuce by 23% by the addition of 4 mg Cd kg−1 was found in a loamy sand soil [6]
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