Effect of intramyocardial injection of allogeneic biomaterial on the exercise tolerance after destructive injury to the heart muscle (experimental study)

Abstract

Introduction. The low regenerative potential of the heart prevents replacing dead cardiomyocytes with new cells. It has been shown that cell-free allogeneic biodegradable material (ABM) can increase the efficiency of reparative processes in myocardium and improve its structural and functional state. However, how the physical training capabilities change against this background has not been practically studied. Aim. To evaluate exercise tolerance in rats after the use of ABM. Material and methods. The work was performed on Wistar rats. Myocardial damage was caused by coronary occlusion (CO) and cryodestruction (CD) of the left ventricle apex of the heart. ABM was injected into the CO zone and along the perimeter of the myocardium affected area during CD. Animals with myocardial damage were included in control groups. Rats with myocardial damage and ABM injection constituted the experimental groups. Rats were taken into the experiment 45 days after ABM injection. The physical tolerance of rats was measured using the forced swimming test. Results. It has been shown that the swimming time of rats with СO by 62.5 % and with CD by 37.5 % (p<0.05) is less compared to similar indicators for these animals in the initial (intact) state, which indicates a significant decrease in their exercise tolerance in myocardial damage. Animals with CO or CD on the background of intramyocardial injection of ABM showed 33 % and 48 % longer swimming during the test, respectively. The increase in exercise tolerance of rats against the background of the ABM administration was accompanied by the improvement in the morphometric parameters of the heart. Conclusion. The effect of ABM intramyocardial injection on the endogenous mechanisms of cardiac muscle regeneration is effective and functionally significant.