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Abstract
This study used scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to evaluate the morphology and adhesion of blood components on root surfaces instrumented by curettes, piezoelectric ultrasonic scaler and Er,Cr:YSGG laser. One hundred samples from 25 teeth were divided into 5 groups: 1) Curettes; 2) Piezoelectric ultrasonic scaler; 3) Curettes plus piezoelectric ultrasonic scaler; 4) Er,Cr:YSGG laser; 5) Curettes plus Er,Cr:YSGG laser. Ten samples from each group were used for analysis of root morphology and the other 10 were used for analysis of adhesion of blood components on root surface. The results were analyzed statistically by the Kruskall-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests with a significance level of 5%. The group treated with curettes showed smoother surfaces when compared to the groups were instrumented with piezoelectric ultrasonic scaler and the Er,Cr:YSGG laser. The surfaces instrumented with piezoelectric ultrasonic scaler and Er,Cr:YSGG laser, alone or in combination with hand scaling and root planing, did not differ significantly (p>0.05) among themselves. No statistically significant differences (p>0.05) among groups were found as to the adhesion of blood components on root surface. Ultrasonic instrumentation and Er,Cr:YSGG irradiation produced rougher root surfaces than the use of curettes, but there were no differences among treatments with respect to the adhesion of blood components.
Highlights
Scaling and root planing (SRP) with manual instruments is the most established treatment of periodontal disease and has been shown to be effective in stabilizing its clinical parameters [1,2]
Group 2 (Piezoelectric ultrasonic scaler) - The root surface is rougher with the presence of grooves produced by the instrument, the presence of smear layer and occluded dentin tubules were the predominant features of root morphology produced by the treatment using a piezoelectric ultrasonic scaler (80%), this pattern represents the score 3 (Fig. 1B)
Analyzing the results of root morphology, it was observed that the samples that were scaled with hand curettes were smooth, with the presence of the smear layer and occluded dentin tubules
Summary
Scaling and root planing (SRP) with manual instruments is the most established treatment of periodontal disease and has been shown to be effective in stabilizing its clinical parameters [1,2]. Other tools have been developed to optimize the treatment of periodontitis, among which ultrasonic scaling and high-intensity lasers. Two types of ultrasonic devices are available in the market: piezoelectric and magnetostrictive sclaers, which differ according to instrument tip movement. A study conducted with a piezoelectric ultrasonic device showed that it effectively removed dental calculus with less damage to the root surfaces compared to magnetostrictive ultrasonic and manual scaling [9]. Clinical studies have shown that piezoelectric ultrasonic devices are effective in controlling periodontal disease when applied to nonsurgical periodontal therapy [1,7] or during supportive
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