Effect of Er,Cr:YSGG and Er:YAG laser irradiation on the adhesion of blood components on the root surface and on root morphology

Guilherme José Pimentel Lopes De Oliveira,José Eduardo Cezar Sampaio,Letícia Helena Theodoro,Elcio Marcantonio Junior,Rosemary Adriana Chiérici Marcantonio

doi:10.1590/s1806-83242012000300012

Guilherme José Pimentel Lopes De Oliveira, José Eduardo Cezar Sampaio + Show 3 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1806-83242012000300012

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Abstract

The aim of this study was to conduct an in vitro evaluation, by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), of the adhesion of blood components on root surfaces irradiated with Er,Cr:YSGG (2.78 µm) or Er:YAG (2.94 µm) laser, and of the irradiation effects on root surface morphology. Sixty samples of human teeth were previously scaled with manual instruments and divided into three groups of 20 samples each: G1 (control group) - no treatment; G2 - Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation; G3 - Er:YAG laser irradiation. After performing these treatments, blood tissue was applied to 10 samples of each group, whereas 10 samples received no blood tissue application. After performing the laboratory treatments, the samples were observed under SEM, and the resulting photomicrographs were classified according to a blood component adhesion scoring system and root morphology. The results were analyzed statistically (Kruskall-Wallis and Mann Whitney tests, α= 5%). The root surfaces irradiated with Er:YAG and Er,Cr:YSGG lasers presented greater roughness than those in the control group. Regarding blood component adhesion, the results showed a lower degree of adhesion in G2 than in G1 and G3 (G1 × G2: p = 0.002; G3 × G2: p = 0.017). The Er:YAG and Er,Cr:YSGG laser treatments caused more extensive root surface changes. The Er:YAG laser treatment promoted a greater degree of blood component adhesion to root surfaces, compared to the Er,Cr:YSGG treatment.

Highlights

Scaling and root planing performed with hand instruments is considered the gold standard in treating periodontal diseases.[1]
The objective of the present study was to conduct an in vitro evaluation, by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), of root surface morphology and of the adhesion of blood components on root surfaces irradiated with Er:YAG and Er,Cr:YSGG lasers
A smear layer was formed and grooves with dentinal tubule exposure were observed on all samples (Figure 1A)

Summary

Introduction

Scaling and root planing performed with hand instruments is considered the gold standard in treating periodontal diseases.[1]. Among the high-intensity lasers, Er:YAG (2.94 μm) and Er,Cr:YSGG (2.78 μm) lasers are the most suitable for laser irradiation on root surfaces The wavelength of these lasers is well absorbed by water molecules; irradiation with these lasers promotes water heating in the hydroxyapatite crystals, causing a sudden evaporation of water and microbursts in the interpris-. Some studies have shown that irradiation of root surfaces using Er:YAG lasers does not promote the formation of a smear layer.[4,7] the Er:YAG and ErCr: YSGG lasers promote a selective removal of calculus with minimal damage to root surfaces,[8,9,10] and may be clinically effective for stabilizing the clinical parameters of periodontal disease.[2,3]

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