Abstract
ABSTRACT In ovo feeding (IOF), injecting nutrients into the amnion of the avian embryo may enhance hatchability, gastrointestinal development and serum metabolism changes. This hypothesis was evaluated with 5 IOF solutions containing L-glutamine. Were used 315 fertile Rhode Island Red eggs were used (breeders with 32-weeks). The experimental design was completely randomized with the treatments constituted by two controls and five solutions containing L-glutamine levels with 45 replicates each. Data collected were subjected to polynomial regression at 5% of significance. Differences (p>0.05) were observed in hatchability and intermediary mortality, with a gradual lower of decrease in hatchability from the IOF of L-glutamine. The yolk sac was higher (p<0.05) after the IOF (control and L-glutamine) in the in ovo fed embryos at 0.5% L-glutamine. IOF of L-glutamine alone enhanced the blood pH and reduced the other serum parameters (p<0.05), which may have fuelled more embryo development, mainly vital organs how as the heart and the liver due to the larger concentration of available nutrients for the embryo. The results of this study indicate that until 0.5% L-glutamine may be supplemented in-ovo to chick embryos without negative influence on chick weight and gastrointestinal tract development, acting as serum biochemical metabolism regulator and obtaining better hatchability.
Highlights
IntroductionThe In ovo feeding (IOF) in the pre-hatching phase is a recent technology in poultry industry
During the incubation period and in the first hours after hatching, the birds have limited digestive functions, which reduces the nutrients availability to growth metabolism and restricts the digestive capacity that begins the development when the amniotic fluid is orally consumed at 17 d of incubation (Uni et al, 2005).And even the egg composition being considered complete, in nutritional terms, the percentages of amino acids, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals and lipids are sufficient only in the initial phase (1 to 7 days) of the incubation period, being below the required levels in the final phase (15 to 21 days) and during the hatching (Gonzales et al, 2013).The In ovo feeding (IOF) in the pre-hatching phase is a recent technology in poultry industry
There are few studies on IOF regarding the use of glutamine in broiler breeder hen eggs (Salmanzadeh et al, 2016)
Summary
The IOF in the pre-hatching phase is a recent technology in poultry industry This method of supplementing for oviparous species, described within the US Patent (6,592,878) of Uni & Ferket (2003), involves the administration of exogenous nutrients into the amnion of the developing embryo of chickens and turkeys at about 17 and 23 d of incubation, respectively (Foye et al, 2006). These substances as nutritional supplements aim to improve the initial development of the gastrointestinal tract and boost the digestive enzymes and a greater growth of villi (Geyra et al, 2001). There are few studies on IOF regarding the use of glutamine in broiler breeder hen eggs (Salmanzadeh et al, 2016)
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