Abstract
A country's development level is measured with a quantitative parameter called the human development index (HDI). The present study researched the effects of HDI parameters (such as healthcare standards, income, and education level) on the incidence of tuberculosis. HDI data of 36 provinces of Turkey and the tuberculosis surveillance data were obtained from the Ministry of Development and the Ministry of Health, respectively. The associations between the incidence of tuberculosis and other HDI parameters were analyzed. Higher population density (n/km2) (CI = 0.05 to 0.40) and higher relapse rate of tuberculosis (CI = 0.36 to 1.48) were identified to be independent predicting factors that increased the incidence of tuberculosis, whereas higher gross national product (CI = -0.06 to 0.00), the population that holds a green Medicare card (CI=-0.58 to -0.04), increased general practitioners per 100,000 people (CI=-0.66 to -0.01), female population (CI = -0.70 to -0.06), married population (CI = -1.34 to -0.03), were found to be significant negative predicting factors that were relevant to the incidence (protective against tuberculosis). Tuberculosis is a disease that is affected by multiple factors, including the components of HDI. Improvement of income level, facilitation of access to health services via health insurance, urbanization with lower population density strategy, and provision of enough general practitioners may be useful in reducing the incidence of TB' in provinces of developing countries such as Turkey.
Highlights
A country’s development level is measured with a quantitative parameter called the human development index (HDI)
Certain variables used in the socioeconomic development ranking and reported to be relevant to TB in studies conducted with TB patients were recorded for the 36 provinces. These variables consisted of population, population density, proportion of the population over 15 years of age, gross value added per capita (GVAC), unemployment rate, proportion of Green Card-holding population to provincial
The proportion of green Medicare card holders was in the range of 2.7% and 57.5% (20.3% on average), whereas the illiterate population represented 7.6%, and graduates of elementary schools represented 26.4% of the whole population
Summary
A country’s development level is measured with a quantitative parameter called the human development index (HDI). The development level of countries is measured with a quantitative parameter called the human development index (HDI) [2]. This index is obtained through the concurrent processing of data from a large number of categories, including demographics (population and age breakdown), education (literacy, elementary school, and university), healthcare (total number of doctors or nurses per 100,000 people, number of dispensaries, and number of TB laboratories), employment (unemployment rate), competitive and innovative capacity, financial capacity (annual income per capita), and quality of life. There are modified formulations of HDI [3]
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