Abstract
The effect of milk homogenization conditions, including speed (17,400 rpm; 20,600 rpm; and 24,000 rpm) and time (5–25 min) on phage affinity in milk fractions was investigated. A broad host-range Listeria phage (A511) was inoculated. Milk fractions separation was carried out and phage enumeration was expressed as percentage of added phages. A maximum quantifiable phage of 42.6% was obtained in unhomogenized milk. Homogenization (5 min, at any speed) further reduced quantifiable phages (15.9–20.6%), but this percentage increased as homogenization time increased. Phage distribution in unhomogenized milk showed preference for fat followed by caseins. Milk homogenization caused milk fat to lose its ability to bind phages, inducing phages to bind to caseins preferentially. Whey was the milk fraction with the lowest affinity for phage. The effect of homogenization speed and time on phage affinity was only observed in caseins. A correlation between phages bound to caseins, fat surface area and fraction Φ was observed.
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