Abstract
The effect of homogenous and heterogenous roughness on entrainment and dispersion rates was assessed by collecting experimental data in a boundary-layer wind tunnel. Point and area sources were simulated at a 1:100 model scale with homogenous surface roughness configurations ranging from flat grass land to an urban area. Heterogenous roughness was simulated in the form of a typical refinery tank farm and typical process unit. Relative gas densities (source gas to ambient air) varied from 1 to 4. Concentrations of a tracer gas were measured and analyzed to determine the horizontal and vertical plume spread rates, rate of air entrainment as well as the variation of maximum ground-level concentration with roughness size. The results of the study demonstrated that large roughness elements can significantly reduce the concentrations and that the entrainment relations presently in use for homogenous roughness configurations do adequately model the process. For heterogenous roughness configurations, the entrainment and dispersion rates appeared to be site specific and not well modeled using existing techniques.
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