Abstract
The aim of our study is to evaluate the effect of Hoffman's exercises on flat/inverted nipples in immediate postpartum mothers. 34 immediate post-partum women with inverted or flat nipples were involved. The experimental group was given hot moist packs, manual breast massage, Hoffman's exercises and an appropriate breastfeeding position, while the control group did not receive Hoffman's exercises. The treatment was given for 4 consecutive days. LATCH: A Breastfeeding Charting System and Documentation Tool and BSES: Breastfeeding Self Efficacy Scale documented as outcome measures on day 1 pre intervention and day 4 post intervention. The scores from pre and post LATCH and BSES of both groups followed normal distribution as per Kolmogorov-Smirnov small test. The experimental group showed significant improvement in LATCH and BSES scores and were statistically highly significant. Hence, Present study concludes Hoffman's exercise showed significant effect on flat or inverted nipples in immediate postpartum mothers.
Published Version
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