Effect of hexavalent chromium on eukaryotic plasma membrane studied by EPR spectroscopy

Abstract

The effect of Cr(VI) anion on an ergosterol-producing strain of eukaryotic yeast Candida albicans and its mutant with ergosterol-less membrane was studied with EPR spectroscopy. 5- and 14-doxyl stearic acid spin probes were used to label the protoplast membrane after removal of the cell wall. In control experiments, the mutant strain exhibited larger rigidity in the membrane than its parental strain. Addition of Cr(VI), at a minimum inhibitory concentration of 0.6 mM, increased the rotational mobility of the spin labels significantly and decreased the temperature of the structural changes in both strains, in the temperature range between 0 and 30°C. The ergosterol-less mutant, having a membrane composition with increased polyunsaturated fatty acid content, exhibited higher Cr(VI) sensitivity. Treatment of the membrane with Cr(VI) for 10 min already resulted in an increase in membrane fluidity. An EPR signal of Cr(V) was detected which reached maximum amplitude after 120 min of treatment with Cr(VI). Further chemical reduction of Cr(V) in the absence of extracellular Cr(VI) led to a lack of detectable paramagnetic chromium intermediates within 200 min.