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Abstract
The effect of the type of dopant (titanium and manganese) and of the reduced graphene oxide content (rGO, 30 or 50 wt %) of the α-Fe2O3@rGO nanocomposites on their microstructural properties and electrochemical performance was investigated. Nanostructured composites were synthesized by a simple one-step solvothermal method and evaluated as anode materials for sodium ion batteries. The doping does not influence the crystalline phase and morphology of the iron oxide nanoparticles, but remarkably increases stability and Coulombic efficiency with respect to the anode based on the composite α-Fe2O3@rGO. For fixed rGO content, Ti-doping improves the rate capability at lower rates, whereas Mn-doping enhances the electrode stability at higher rates, retaining a specific capacity of 56 mAhg−1 at a rate of 2C. Nanocomposites with higher rGO content exhibit better electrochemical performance.
Highlights
Today, with the increasing energy demand and the exhaustion of conventional fossil fuels reserves, humankind is facing a global energy challenge and serious environmental issues, such as air pollution and global warming
In previous papers we have reported the good electrochemical performance as anode materials in SIBs of the Fe2O3@reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanocomposites, synthesized by one-step solvothermal route, a very simple and scalable method [75,76]
A decrease in the unit cell dimensions, in both in-plane and out-of-plane directions, was observed in the composite α-Fe2O3:Mn@rGO-30 (a = 4.99 Å and c = 13.69 Å), in agreement with the results reported by other authors [87,88]
Summary
With the increasing energy demand and the exhaustion of conventional fossil fuels reserves, humankind is facing a global energy challenge and serious environmental issues, such as air pollution and global warming. This has sparked an intensive research on the development of a sustainable, environmentally friendly and renewable energy resource, like solar, wind, wave and hydrogen energy [1,2]. Among various electrochemical energy storages (EESs) available in the market, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have emerged as the main contender, since their commercialization by Sony Corp
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