Effect of gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog on ovarian reserve in children with central precocious puberty.

Abstract

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog (GnRHa) is the mainstream treatment for central precocious puberty (CPP). However, its effect on the ovarian reserve in CPP girls remains unclear. This study was designed to analyze the changes of ovarian reserve in CPP girls during and after GnRHa therapy, with an attempt to achieve the early prediction of the effect of GnRHa treatment on the reproductive function of CPP girls, eliminate the concerns of girls and their parents on the potential toxicities of GnRHa treatment, and improve the patients' adherence to treatment. The clinical data of 383 CPP girls who had been treated with GnRHa for more than half a year in our hospital within the past 10 years were retrospectively analyzed. The serum luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), FSH/LH, estradiol (E2), and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels, as well as uterine and ovarian volumes, were measured before treatment, at various time points during treatment, and after menarche or resumption of menses (ROM) after treatment discontinuation. GnRHa treatment had similar effects on uterine/ovarian volumes, LH, FSH, and E2: these indicators were significantly inhibited during the treatment (compared with the pre-treatment levels), gradually returned normal after drug withdrawal, and became significantly higher than the pre-treatment levels after menarche or ROM (both P<0.05 for LH and FSH levels and P>0.05 for E2 and uterine/ovarian volumes). AMH level transiently decreased 6 months after GnRHa treatment (2.70±1.76 vs. 3.56±2.21, t=3.227, P=0.001); however, the AMH levels after 12, 18, and 24 months of treatment were similar to the pre-treatment level (P>0.05). The FSH/LH ratio significantly increased after 12 months of treatment compared with the pre-treatment (P<0.05), and the FSH/LH ratio after menarche or ROM was significantly lower than the pre-treatment value (1.34±0.66 vs. 5.69± 6.85, t=3.068, P=0.006). When FSH/LH and FSH level were used to reflect the ovarian reserve, the proportion of CPP girls with normal ovarian reserve after menarche or ROM was higher than at pre-treatment (FSH/LH ratio: 100% vs. 46%, χ2=27.586, P<0.05; FSH level: 100% vs. 99%, P>0.05). When AMH level was used to reflect the ovarian reserve, the proportion of CPP girls with normal ovarian reserve after menarche or ROM was slightly lower than at pre-treatment (87% vs. 93%, P>0.05). The ovarian reserve of CPP girls is somehow inhibited during GnRHa treatment but is gradually restored after drug discontinuation. Thus, GnRHa treatment does not affect ovarian reserve in CPP children after the treatment stops.