Effect of Genotype and Growing Environment on Anther Culture in Wheat

Abstract

Wheat anther culture is affected greatly by many factors,such as wheat genotype,culture medium,and the temperature during the growing period of donors.For further improving the regeneration efficiency from wheat anthers and understanding the genetic control of wheat anther culture ability,some wheat genotypes including Verry,Xinchun 9,Chinese Spring,and Ningchun 4,and their F1 hybrids by crossing each other were used for anther cultures in different years,and the callus induction frequencies were evaluated.The results indicated that haploid calli were easily induced from the anthers of Alondra,Verry,Shi 4185,Xinchun 9,and Bainong 3217.The frequency of callus production ranged from 25.3% to 51.9%.Shi 4185 and Xinchun 9 showed higher potentials for wheat haploid breeding because of their good agronomic traits and high anther culture response.Some F1 hybrids derived from Ningchun 4 had high callus production rates,indicating that Ningchun 4 had high combining ability with some crossing parents in anther culture.However,the F1 hybrids from the parents with high anther culture response were not certain to perform high callus frequency,which was more than 10.0% in majority of the crosses.This suggested that the genetic control of wheat anther culture appeared to be complicated and performed as a quantitative trait.The optimal environment conditions for the donor plants of the anthers were long vegetative growing period,moderate temperature during the tillering period,and high temperature during the late jointing period.Haploid plantlets could be induced directly from wheat anthers in the liquid media with low concentrations of auxin and glucose.It was also found that 2,4-D was better than dicamba in liquid media for callus induction.Besides,the frequency of callus induced from wheat anthers showed increase trend with the promotion of temperature during the growing period of wheat donor plants,which was caused by climate warming.