Abstract
Garlic is one of the medicinal plants, which has shown many useful effects, including Antioxidant activity, hypolipidemic and hypocholesterolemic effects, anti-hypertensive and anti-diabetic effects. Scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI) is a cell-surface receptor which mediated selective cholesterol ester uptake from the HDL particle. SR-BI also has an important role in cholesterol absorption in the intestine. Animals were randomly divided into three groups (n=8); group 1: received chow + cholesterol (2%) + cholic acid (0.5%), group 2: chow + 4% (w/w) garlic extract + cholesterol (2%) + cholic acid (0.5%), and group 3: chow only. After one-month mice were sacrificed, blood was collected; lipid profile and blood glucose were determined enzymatically as well as mRNA and protein levels of SR-BI were determined by RT-PCR and westernblot respectively. Compared with hypercholesterolemic control, garlic extract significantly decreased total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides, Very Low-Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol (VLDL-C) and atherogenic index (all of them P<0.05). The activity of Super oxide dismutase(SOD), glutathione (GSH) and catalase levels were markedly increased in garlic-treated animals compared with hypercholesterolemic animals (p<0.05). The plasma levels of MDA markedly reduced in garlic group compared with hypercholesterolemic group. Intestinal SR-BI mRNA and protein were significantly decreased in garlic extract mice treatment compared with hypercholesterolemic control. Levels of liver SR-BI protein significantly reduced in hypercholesterolemic group (P<0.05). In conclusion, garlic extract markedly reduced TC, LDL-C, TG, VLDL-C and atherogenic index, as compared with the hypercholesterolemic control group. On the other hand garlic extract led to down-regulation of SR-BI protein and mRNA in the intestine of mice.
Highlights
High levels of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) along with low serum levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) is contributing to the development of atherosclerosis [1]
Serum total cholesterol (TC), LDL-C, TG, Very Low-Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol (VLDL-C) and atherogenic index significantly decreased in garlic extract in comparison with hypercholesterolemic mouse
The results of our study have showed that liver Scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI) protein significantly down-regulated in an atherogenic diet
Summary
High levels of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) along with low serum levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) is contributing to the development of atherosclerosis [1]. In this respect, garlic extracted (Allium sativum) is a food component which usually used in our food. Scavenger receptor class B member 1 (SR-BI) is a cell-surface receptor which mediated selective cholesterol ester uptake from the center of the HDL particle. In this process cholesterol, ester is transferred to the liver cell without degradation of this protein [3]. Transgenic mice expression of high levels of liver SR-BI leads to decrease in serum levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesteryl ester (CE), Apolipoprotein AI (Apo AI), and Apolipoprotein AII (Apo AII) [5]
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