Effect of Frequency and Migration Aperture on Seismic Diffraction Imaging

Abstract

Conventional processing and migration frequently give successful results in using specular reflections to estimate the subsurface geometry and strength of continuous reflector geology. However, the correct interpretation of the true geological gaps, such as fault, fracture, karsts and pinch-outs, is one of the main objectives in seismic data processing and interpretation. In regular processing/migration sequence the diffraction response is suppressed because of the lack of choosing the right migration aperture. Kirchhoff migration is a tool to represent the seismic data as a summation of diffraction hyperbolas governed by the velocities at their apex. In this paper, we have investigated two different velocity models to show the effects of different frequencies and aperture size. We used the diffraction-based and data oriented approach that is dependent on the migration aperture from a low to high aperture to properly image the section. We have done the error analysis between the un-imaged and imaged section after processing and observed that the low aperture can give the undesired result for sharp edges. For the same model, we have applied different frequencies to show the effect of frequencies on seismic Imaging and migration.