Effect of four different root canal obturation techniques on marginal adaptation of bioceramic sealer: An in vitro scanning electron microscopic study

Abstract

Aim: Successful endodontic treatment can be achieved with techniques and materials that have the ability to seal root canal space. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of four techniques of obturation (single cone [SC], cold lateral [CL], continuous wave [CW], and carrier based [CB]) on the marginal adaptation of bioceramic sealer to the root canal walls using scanning electron microscope (SEM). Materials and Methods: Forty, single-rooted lower premolars were included in this study. The teeth were segmented at the level of cementoenamel junction (CEJ). Then, root canals were shaped with rotary ProTaper nickel–titanium (NiTi) files to F3. Instrumented teeth were assigned randomly into four experimental groups (n = 10/group) as follows: (1) SC, (2) CL, (3) CW, and (4) CB. EndoSequence BC sealer was used for the four groups. After root canal obturation, the roots were horizontally cut into three levels and the interface was examined under SEM in the apical, middle, and cervical thirds of each group. The data collected were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s post hoc multiple range tests at P ≤ 0.05. Results: CW of obturation technique showed the best marginal adaptation and the least mean of gaps along the interface between the obturating material and the root canal dentine at all sections of the root (apical, middle, and coronal), followed by the CL technique. Also, results found that CW and CL were significantly different from SC and CB techniques. Conclusion: Techniques of obturation had an effect on the marginal adaptation of bioceramic sealer to the root canal walls. CW technique showed the best marginal adaptation for bioceramic sealer followed by the CL technique. Less marginal adaptation was observed in the SC and CB techniques.