Effect of Flavonoid Rich Fraction of Coriandrum sativum Leaf on Lipid Profile, Nitric Oxide, Ang II and Cardio Histopathology in L-NAME Intoxicated Experimental Rats

Abstract

Coriandrum sativum has been used in traditional medicines as an anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antibacterial agent. It is recently been shown to have antioxidant activities. This study evaluated the effects of Flavonoid Rich Fraction of Coriandrum sativum Leaf (FRFCSL) on Lipid Profile, Nitric Oxide, Ang II and Cardio Histopathology in L-NAME intoxicated Experimental Rats. Standard analytical method and DPPH radical scavenging activity were employed for the phytochemicals and antioxidant analysis respectively. The acute toxicity study showed the extract and flavonoids fraction are nontoxic at 5000mg/kg body weight. Thirty rats were divided into five groups of six (6) rats each. Group 1 was administered water and feed only, Group 2 was administered 40mg/kg N-Nitro-L-Arginine Methyl Ester (L-NAME) without treatment, Group 3 through 5 were administered 40mg/kg N-Nitro-L-Arginine Methyl Ester (L-NAME) with concomitant administration of Captopril (20mg/kg b.w), FRFCSL (200mg/kg b.w) and FRFCSL (400mg/kg b.w) respectively for 21 days. In phytochemical screening, presence of flavonoids, saponins, tannins, alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, steroids were confirmed as part of secondary metabolites in the extract. The flavonoid fraction showed increase % DPPH radical inhibition in concentration-dependent manner. FRFCSL treatment significantly (p<0.05) and dose-dependently lowered low density lipoprotein and triglycerides. Also It significantly (p<0.05) prevented L-NAME induced decrease in serum angiotensin II, high density lipoprotein and serum nitric oxide concentrations compared to the untreated rats. The Flavonoid Rich Fraction of Coriandrum Sativum Leaf showed great potential as antihypertensive, antihyperlipidemic and cardioprotective agent in rats thus confirming its usefulness in traditional health therapy and potential for antihypertensive drug development.