Abstract
This study was aimed to investigate the effect of steel, polypropylene (PP), and hybrid (steel + PP) fibers on high-temperature mechanical properties of reactive powder concrete (RPC). The mechanical properties considered are cubic compressive strength, axial or prismatic compressive strength, split-tensile strength, flexural strength, elastic modulus, peak strain, and stress-strain behavior. The strength recession due to high temperature was investigated at micro level by scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, mercury intrusion porosity, thermogravimetric, and differential scanning calorimetry analyses. The high-temperature tests were carried out at target temperatures of 120, 300, 500, 700, and 900 °C. The hot-state compressive strength of RPC started to decrease at 120 °C; however, a partial recovery at 300 °C and a gradual decrease above 300 °C were observed. The degradation of split-tensile strength, flexural strength, and elastic modulus were gradual with increasing temperature despite the effect of different fibers. Whereas, the peak strain was gradually increasing up to 700 °C. However, after 700 °C, it remained unchanged. Steel fiber reinforced RPC (SRPC) and hybrid fiber reinforced RPC (HRPC) showed a ductile behavior. PP fiber reinforced RPC (PRPC) showed a quite brittle behavior up to 300 °C; however, further heating made the microstructure porous and it became ductile too. Overall the performance of SRPC and HRPC were superior to PRPC because of higher modulus of elasticity, higher strength, and better fire resistance of steel fibers. Fiber reinforced RPC was found to have better fire resistance than traditional types of concrete based on comparative studies with the provisions of design codes and earlier research. The constitutive equations developed can be utilized in computer programs for structural design of RPC structures exposed to fire.
Highlights
Reactive powder concrete (RPC) is the latest generation of concrete having superior properties than traditional types of concrete
The aim of this study is to evaluate the mechanical properties of steel fiber reinforced reactive powder concrete (RPC) (SRPC), PP fiber reinforced RPC (PRPC), and hybrid fiber reinforced RPC (HRPC) as well as their associated microstructural changes due to high-temperature exposure
The high temperature results started to decrease at 120 °C, at 300 °C, a partial recovery was seen for all types of RPC
Summary
Reactive powder concrete (RPC) is the latest generation of concrete having superior properties than traditional types of concrete. It was originally developed in the early 1990’s by Bouygues’. Materials 2019, 12, 329 others [4,5] It is primarily used as an ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) based on its superior mechanical properties, low permeability, and excellent durability. The demand for RPC has increased over the last two decades, especially in the precast concrete production industry. It is being used in buildings, bridges, tunnels, and nuclear structures [6,7]
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