Abstract
Simple SummaryThe use of cold-pressed sunflower cake, a by-product of small-scale biodiesel manufacturing, as a substitute for prilled palm fat in dairy cows’ diet, can reduce the extent of unsaturated fatty acid biohydrogenation This favors an accumulation of vaccenic acid in the rumen concomitant with a greater daily duodenal microbial N flow and all without impairing ruminal fermentation, microbial diversity or abundance of dominant populations. In the present study, only changes in relative abundances of less-representative genera were induced.Cold-pressed sunflower cake (CPSC), by-product of oil-manufacturing, has high crude fat and linoleic acid concentrations, being a promising supplement to modulate rumen fatty acid (FA) profile. This trial studied CPSC effects on ruminal fermentation, biohydrogenation and the bacterial community in dairy cows. Ten cows were used in a crossover design with two experimental diets and fed during two 63-day periods. The cows were group fed forage ad libitum and the concentrate individually. The concentrates, control and CPSC, were isoenergetic, isoproteic and isofat. The ruminal samples collected at the end of each experimental period were analyzed for short-chain fatty acid, FA and DNA sequencing. CPSC decreased butyrate molar proportion (4%, p = 0.005). CPSC decreased C16:0 (28%, p < 0.001) and increased C18:0 (14%, p < 0.001) and total monounsaturated FA, especially C18:1 trans-11 (13%, p = 0.023). The total purine derivative excretion tended to be greater (5%, p = 0.05) with CPSC, resulting in a 6% greater daily microbial N flow. CPSC did not affect the diversity indices but increased the relative abundances of Treponema and Coprococcus, and decreased Enterococcus, Ruminococcus and Succinivibrio. In conclusion, the changes in ruminal fermentation and the FA profile were not associated with changes in microbial diversity or abundance of dominant populations, however, they might be associated with less abundant genera.
Highlights
In recent decades, a growing interest in the search for nutritional strategies that modulate the fatty acid (FA) composition of milk fat has arisen
The total saturated FA (SFA) did not differ between treatments
FA, p = 0.421), feeding Cold-pressed sunflower cake (CPSC) induced marked changes in the rumen SFA profile, which were mainly characterized by a significant decrease in the proportion of C14:0 (2.29 versus 1.27 g/100 g FA, p < 0.001)
Summary
A growing interest in the search for nutritional strategies that modulate the fatty acid (FA) composition of milk fat has arisen. The enrichment of ruminant diets with polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) rich fats or oils is susceptible to decrease the level of atherogenic saturated FA (SFA), such as palmitic acid (C16:0) in rumen [5] and milk fat [6]. It can reduce the extent of UFA biohydrogenation, favoring a high accumulation of VA in the rumen [7,8] and promoting flow from the rumen into the bloodstream
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