Effect of Extraction Technique on Antioxidant Capacity, Vitamin C, Total Phenol, and Total Flavonoid of Bouea macrophylla Griff Leaf

Abstract

Bouea macrophylla Griff also known as gandaria is a local heritage plant of West Java. Aside from being a salad, gandaria leaves are also used as herbal remedies. Some parts of the gandaria tree contain bioactive compound that has health benefits. However, the research related to leaves is rare, especially about extraction techniques to obtain optimal bioactive content. The common preservation technique is drying process to make herbs storage time longer. Conventional drying techniques often reduce the ability and bioactive compound. This study compared antioxidant capacity, vitamin C, total phenolic, and total flavonoid on fresh leaves (FL), sundried leaf (SDL), roomdried leaf (RDL), and vacuum evaporator leaf extract (VELE) of gandaria. This study used spectrophotometry to analyze DPPH inhibition (antioxidant activity), total phenolic, total flavonoids, and titration methods to analyze vitamin C with 3 replicates. One-way ANOVA statistical test showed significant differences between 4 groups for antioxidant capacity (p=0.004), vitamin C (p=0.000), total phenol (p=0.000), and total flavonoid (p=0.031). The best IC50 DPPH start from VELE 0.026±0.002 mg/mL, RDL 0.037±0.009 mg/mL, SDL 0.089±0.022 mg/mL, and FL 0.169±0.067 mg/mL. The highest vitamin C content per g extract start from FL 148.257±0.000 mg, RDL 148.121±0.235 mg, SDL 147.715±0.2346 mg, and VELE 145.819±0.813 mg. The highest total phenolic content per g extract start from VELE 117.836±1.831 mg GAE, RDL 45.772±0.618 mg GAE, SDL 31.711±1.707 mg GAE, and FL 18.289±2.360 mg GAE. The highest total flavonoid per g extract start from VELE 251.111±78.339 mg QE, RDL 131.111±89.106 mg QE, SDL 109.444±46.017 mg QE, and FL 53.889±20.839 mg QE. Further research about VELE of gandaria product development is very needed to make product that support health improvement.