Abstract
The effect of successive fertilization of the excess farmyard manure on the tomato yield, the occurrence of blossom-end rot and change of meso-faunas and microorganisms population in soil were studied under greenhouse condition. The results obtained were as follows.The farmyard manure used in this study contained 2.8% nitrogen, 2.8% potassium and 2.4% calcium.The fruit yield obtained from the plot which was supplied 5 t/10 a farmyard manure was 1.2 t/10 a more than that from 50 t/10 a at the first cropping. But, the yield from heavily manured plot and that from light manured plot were reversed at 2nd cropping.In the 3rd cropping, the fruit yield reached the maximum during all croppings, even when blossom-end rot occurred. Outbreak and severity of blossom-end rot increased by fertilization of heavy manure and by accumulation of salts. Accordingly, in the 4th (1981) and the 5th (1982) croppings the fruit yields decreased markedly by blossom-end rot and Fusarium wilt.Blossom-end rot and disorders of tomatoes increased with a decreasing K/Ca ratio in the culture soil. The K/Ca ratios in the soils of 2nd and 3rd cropping which supplied 50 t/10 a farmyard manure were 0.25 and 0.2, respectively.It seems that the increase of blossomend rot was caused by the salts accumulation and ammonium production at early fruiting season.The populations of bacteria and fungi in the soils which supplied 50 and 5 t/10 a farmyard manure and was disinfected and not-disinfected varied with the growth of crops.The populations of Nematoda, Enchytraeidae and Acari increased remarkably from 1st to 2nd cropping, but decreased suddenly in 3rd one. It is not clear whether this sudden change was caused by a saltaccumulation or any other complex factors.
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