Effect of environment‐friendly intercalated Coal and coal gangue on flame‐retardant, antistatic, and mechanical properties of poly(vinyl chloride)/acrylonitrile–styrene–acrylate composites

Abstract

AbstractCoal‐based environment‐friendly PVC/ASA flame‐retardant and antistatic composites were made by melt blending poly(vinyl chloride)/acrylonitrile–styrene‐acrylate (PVC/ASA) with self‐made alkaline calcium‐based coal gangue thermal stabilizer (Y‐CG) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) intercalation modified Coal (A‐Coal). The flame‐retardant mechanism of PVC/ASA/A‐Coal/Y‐CG composites was due to incombustible gas, maze effect, carbon residue layer and blowing‐out effect through limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical combustion (UL‐94) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) test. The results indicated that PVC/ASA/12A‐Coal/10Y‐CG composites had the best flame‐retardant properties with LOI value of 31.8% and can pass the V‐0 rating in the UL‐94 test. After combustion, PVC/ASA/12A‐Coal/10Y‐CG composites formed a dense carbon layer that inhibits gas released and heat transferred. The surface resistivity () and volume resistivity () of PVC/ASA/A‐Coal/Y‐CG composites first decreased and then increased with the increase of A‐Coal content. The and values of PVC/ASA/12A‐Coal/10Y‐CG composites decreased to the minimum values of 5.14 × 106 Ω and 9.05 × 105 Ω·cm. The tensile strength and impact strength of PVC/ASA/A‐Coal/Y‐CG composites first increased and then decreased with A‐Coal content. The tensile strength and impact strength of PVC/ASA/12A‐Coal/10Y‐CG composites reached the maximum of 65.03 MPa and 17.52 kJ/m2, respectively. To sum up, the incorporation of A‐Coal and Y‐CG can reinforce and toughen PVC/ASA composites, but it can also enhance their flame‐retardant, antistatic properties.