Abstract
Objectives:There is lack of evidence exploring sympathetic effect by baroreceptor sensitivity in obese consuming energy drink. The purpose of this study was to investigate the acute effect of energy drink on individuals baroreceptor sensitivity in young healthy normal weight and overweight/obese males.Methods:This cross-sectional study was performed in the Department of Physiology, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. After getting ethical approval, 25 male participants were recruited by convenient sampling and informed consent was obtained. Participants were grouped into normal weight and overweight/obese on basis of body mass index. Finger arterial blood pressure was recorded with Finometer® at baseline, 30min and 60 minutes in the post-energy drink period and baroreceptor sensitivity was calculated. As data was not normally distributed it was log transformed.Results:The baseline baroreceptor sensitivity was lower (P<0.05) in overweight/obese compared to normal weight participants. Baroreceptor sensitivity reduced significantly (P<0.05) at 60 minutes after energy drink consumption in the whole cohort of both normal weight and overweight/obese. Baroreceptor sensitivity remained lower in overweight/obese compared to normal weight at 60min but the difference was not significant.Conclusion:Consumption of energy drink acutely reduced baroreceptor sensitivity in both normal weight and obese young healthy males with an earlier onset of effect in overweight/obese indicating enhanced sympathetic activity. Energy drinks consumption could place the obese in a more vulnerable state to hypertension and arrhythmia.
Highlights
Energy drinks (ED) are highly caffeinated drinks that are more popular in young adults for improving alertness, enhancing memory but at the cost of reported adverse consequences.[1]
One way Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that ln baroreceptor sensitivity (BRS) in the whole cohort of (20) participants was significantly reduced (F=5.69, P=0.006)
Posthoc with bonferroni (Fig.1a) revealed that the significant difference was at 60 minutes of energy drink consumption compared to baseline
Summary
Energy drinks (ED) are highly caffeinated drinks that are more popular in young adults for improving alertness, enhancing memory but at the cost of reported adverse consequences.[1]. With elevation of blood pressure these baroreceptors activate the parasympathetic system and concurrently inhibit the sympathetic system leading to reduction in vascular resistance and decrease in heart rate.[6] This helps to bring the blood pressure back to normal range This ability of baroreceptors to respond reflexly to changes in blood pressure and modulate the interbeat interval (inverse of heart rate) is termed as baroreceptor sensitivity (BRS). In addition to the blood pressure (BP) changes in response to various types of physical or mental stresses, there are spontaneous fluctuations in BP and BRS under resting conditions This spontaneous fluctuation in the activity of baroreceptors is termed as spontaneous BRS and is a valuable non-invasive tool to assess how efficiently the baroreflex buffers the beat-to-beat variations in blood pressure.[8] BRS has been shown to be influenced by age, gender and obesity level.[9,10]
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