Abstract
This paper displays an experimental work of three-scale model tests of single pile and nine–scale model tests of group pile (1x2) with spacing to diameter (S/D) ratios (2,4, and 6) respectively. The pile models inserted in the medium-dense dry sand with a relative density of 60% and different length to diameter (L/D) ratios (15, 25, and 30) were subjected to the lateral load with a rate of 2.5 mm/min. The test results present the effect of the change of the ratio of (L/D) and (S/D) on lateral displacements at the head of the pile. For single and group piles when the embedment ratio (L/D) increases, the ultimate lateral load increases also for group piles.When the (S/D) ratio increases, the ultimate lateral load increases. However, for (L/D) equal to 20, this increment is not linear with spacing increment, where a slight increment is observed of the relatively close pile and vice versa. While for other (L/D) ratios the increment of pile load is increased linearly with spacing increase.
Highlights
Several transmission towers, tall chimneys, high-rise buildings, offshore structures, retaining structured, bridges, quay, and harbor structures are supported by piles [1,2]
This research attends the consequence from twelve scale-model tests done in medium-dense dry sand to locate the effects of embedment ratio (L/D) ratio on single and group pile and the effect of spacing between piles (S/D) ratio on the group pile (2x1)
The conclusions obtained from testing of 12 models of piles embedded in medium-dense dry sand under lateral loading can be listed as follows: 1. For a single pile when the embedment ratio (L/D) increased, the ultimate lateral load is increased
Summary
Tall chimneys, high-rise buildings, offshore structures, retaining structured, bridges, quay, and harbor structures are supported by piles [1,2]. These buildings tolerate axial loads and are succumb to large lateral loads such as earthquakes Slope failure, liquefaction, ship impact, and vehement winds [3]. Lateral load capacity is contingent on many stuff of soil and piles foundation feature, where the pile head deflection rests on the type of soil, pile stiffness, pile length, pile installation, loading condition, pile configuration in a pile group, pile spacing, and head condition which is how the pile is linked to the structure and pile cap. This research attends the consequence from twelve scale-model tests done in medium-dense dry sand to locate the effects of embedment ratio (L/D) ratio on single and group pile and the effect of spacing between piles (S/D) ratio on the group pile (2x1)
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