Abstract
Background: Although non comunicable diseases have a multifactorial origin, changes in eating patterns seem to weigh more. Population groups that maintain their traditional eating patterns have a lower prevalence of these diseases. Methods: Thirty-five students of the Universidad Autonoma de Tabasco, 22 women (62%, i 18.58 years) and 13 men (37%, i 18.76 years), were given 100 grams of Oreochromis aureus daily, five days a week, during eight weeks. Data on anthropometry, glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, glycosylated hemoglobin, insulin and the HOMA-IR index were recorded before and after providing the fish. Results: In the experimental group, significant differences were observed between the first and the second measurement of insulin (p=0.004) and of the HOMA-IR (p=0.0001). Although an increase in the amount of insulin was evident in the second value, it was not greater than the cutoff point plus one SD, according to reference values. A significant difference in after-fasting glucose values was recorded for the women, with a smaller second value (p=0.003), however this did not occur in the case of the men. A decrease in after-fasting glucose values (p=0.015) was recorded for the group that presented at least one anomaly, in contrast with the group that presented no anomaly in the initial evaluation (p=0.078). The group with no anomaly presented a slight increase in insulin (p=0.074), as well as an increase in the HOMA-IR (p=0.019), with an average in the reference intervals. A significant difference in the initial glucose (p=0.006) and HbA1c (p=0.008) values was recorded between the two groups. Conclusions: The addition of 100 grams of Oreochromus aureus was accompanied by an increase in insulin values and a decrease in after-fasting glucose values, with no changes in glycosylated hemoglobin or lipids.
Highlights
Non communicable diseases constitute the main health problem on a global scale, and as a group they are the main cause of death
Together with an increase in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes in Mexico 14% of the ≥ 20 year-old population [4] important reductions have been observed in the consumption of food items that used to be common in daily life
A decrease in after-fasting glucose values (p=0.015) was recorded for the group that presented at least one anomaly, in contrast with the group that presented no anomaly in the initial evaluation (p=0.078)
Summary
Non communicable diseases constitute the main health problem on a global scale, and as a group they are the main cause of death. Populations that maintain the habit of eating local ethnic cuisine dishes, like the Mediterranean [6,7], the Japanese [8,9] and the Mexican [10,11,12], have a smaller probability of developing non transmissible chronic diseases. This is the reason behind studies that analyse the protective effects of food items and dishes of traditional cuisines. Population groups that maintain their traditional eating patterns have a lower prevalence of these diseases
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