Abstract
In this study, pressure-retarded osmosis (PRO) performance of a 5-inch scale cellulose triacetate (CTA)-based hollow fiber (HF) membrane module was evaluated under a wide range of operating conditions (0.0–6.0 MPa of applied pressure, 0.5–2.0 L/min feed solution (FS) inlet flow rate, 1.0–6.0 L/min DS inlet flow rate and 0.1–0.9 M draw solution (DS) concentration) by using a PRO/reverse osmosis (RO) hybrid system. The subsequent RO system for DS regeneration enabled the evaluation of the steady-stated module performance. In the case of pilot-scale module operation, since the DS dilution and the feed solution (FS) up-concentration had occurred and was not negligible, unlike the lab-scale experiment, PRO performance strongly depended on operating conditions such as inlet flow rates of both the DS and FS concentration. To compare the module performance with different configurations, we proposed a converted parameter in which a difference of the packing density between the spiral wound (SW) and the HF module was fairly considered. In the case of HF configuration, because of high packing density, volumetric-based performance was higher than that of SW module, that is, the required number of the module would be less than that of SW module in a full-scale PRO plant.
Highlights
Salinity gradient power (SGP) is a renewable energy resource [1,2,3,4,5]
One of the emerging technologies that enables the extraction of SGP is pressure-retarded osmosis (PRO) power generation [6,7,8,9,10], which converts the energy of the salinity gradient between a draw solution (DS, e.g., seawater) and a feed solution (FS, e.g., fresh water) to electricity by using a semipermeable membrane
The salt concentration conditions were different, the Jw increased with increasing driving force, and agreed with a single linear line by adopting the average values of ∆P and ∆π within the module
Summary
Salinity gradient power (SGP) is a renewable energy resource [1,2,3,4,5]. It is available when salt water and fresh water mix to form a brackish solution. One of the emerging technologies that enables the extraction of SGP is pressure-retarded osmosis (PRO) power generation [6,7,8,9,10], which converts the energy of the salinity gradient between a draw solution (DS, e.g., seawater) and a feed solution (FS, e.g., fresh water) to electricity by using a semipermeable membrane. According to Statkraft’s projection, the PRO technology will be profitable provided its power density can reach
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