Abstract
Macroscopic quantum tunnelings in thin superconducting wires are discussed within the framework of the time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau equation. The dissipation is described by introducing the reservoir oscillators of infinite degrees of freedom and eliminating them in the path integral representation of the partition function. The instantaneous Coulomb interaction is shown to maintain the charge neutrality due to a kind of Debye shielding in superconductors, according to which the formulation of the tunneling probability is greatly simplified. The derived temperature dependence of the tunneling rate is compatible with recently observed phenomena in thin indium wires near the critical temperature.
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