Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) play a pivotal role in the host response to implanted biomaterials. Osseointegration of titanium (Ti) implant is an immunological and inflammatory-driven process. However, the role of DCs in this complex process is largely unknown. This study aimed to investigate the effect of different Ti surfaces on DC maturation, and evaluate its subsequent potential on osteogenic differentiation of preosteoblasts. Murine bone marrow-derived DCs were seeded on Ti disks with different surface treatments, including pretreatment (PT), sandblasted/acid-etched (SLA) and modified SLA (modSLA) surface. Compared with DCs cultured on PT and SLA surfaces, the cells seeded on modSLA surface demonstrated a more round morphology with lower expression of CD86 and MHC-II, the DC maturation markers. Those cells also secreted high levels of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and TGF-β. Notably, addition of conditioned medium (CM) from modSLA-induced DCs significantly increased the mRNA expression of Runx2 and ALP as well as ALP activity by murine preosteoblast MC3T3-E1 cells. Our data demonstrated that Ti disks with different surfaces lead to differential DCs responses. PT and SLA surfaces induce DCs mature, while DCs seeded on modSLA-Ti surface maintain an immature phenotype and exhibit a potential of promoting osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells.
Highlights
Distinct biomaterials had different influences on the phenotype of DCs5
This study aims to evaluate the response of murine bone marrow-derived Dendritic cells (DCs) to different Ti surfaces and to investigate the subsequent potential of Ti-induced DCs on the osteogenic differentiation of preosteoblast MC3T3-E1 cells
It was illustrated that the development of bone replacement biomaterials had been switched from inert to immune-modulatory[17]
Summary
Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) and chitosan films induced DC to be mature, while agarose films and hyaluronic acid films maintained an immature phenotype of DC6,7 These above-mentioned studies indicated that biomaterials can be used to regulate DC phenotype, thereby controlling the related in vivo host response to the implant biomaterials. The design of modern implant aims at utilizing the favorable immune response to improve osseointegration while avoiding the chronic inflammation and foreign body reactions which would lead to the loss of the intended function[10]. Both in vitro and in vivo studies have suggested that Ti implants with different surface modifications showed different effects on the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts, leading to differential bone www.nature.com/scientificreports/. This study aims to evaluate the response of murine bone marrow-derived DCs to different Ti surfaces and to investigate the subsequent potential of Ti-induced DCs on the osteogenic differentiation of preosteoblast MC3T3-E1 cells
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