Abstract
Several parameters, including particle size, solvent, temperature, and extraction method, affect phenolic compounds' extraction yield from a plant matrix. Considering the wide availability of sugarcane bagasse (SCB), this study analyzed the effect of different extraction methods and geographical origins on the yield, quality, and antimicrobial activity of phenolic compounds from SCB extracts. Samples from three geographical locations (Veracruz, Mexico; Santa Rosa, Texas, USA; and St. Mary, Louisiana, USA) were analyzed. Extraction was performed using an orbital shaker or ultrasonic bath at various times at a fixed temperature of 50°C, with 90% ethanol or methanol. The highest yield (5.91 mg GAE) was obtained using an orbital shaker for 24 h with 90% methanol as the solvent. HPLC-MS identified desferrioxamine b, baicalein, madecassic acid, and podototarin at different concentrations in all three SCB samples. The antimicrobial activity of these compounds was tested against Escherichia coli K12, Bacillus cereus, Enterobacter aerogenes, Streptococcus aureus, and Enterobacter cloacae. The antimicrobial activity was also tested against modifications of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae: the MutL Homolog 1 (MLH1), Slow Growth Suppressor (SGS1), O-6-MethylGuanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGT1), and RADiation sensitive (RAD14), carrying mutations related to different cancer types. In addition, the results were compared with the effect of ampicillin and kanamycin. The SCB extracts showed up to 90% growth inhibition against B. cereus at 200–800 μg/mL and 50% growth inhibition against S. aureus at 800 μg/mL. The inhibitory effect against modified yeast SGS1, RAD14, and MLH1 was 50–80% at 800 μg/mL. The percentage of inhibition and the phenolic compound contents differed depending on the origin of the SCB sample. These findings are promising for using this industrial byproduct to obtain compounds for nutraceutical, food additive, or medical uses.
Highlights
During harvest season, every sugar mill worldwide processes large quantities of sugarcane, generating vast amounts of bagasse as a byproduct
The antimicrobial activity was tested against modifications of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae: the MutL Homolog 1 (MLH1), Slow Growth Suppressor (SGS1), O-6-MethylGuanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGT1), and RADiation sensitive (RAD14), carrying mutations related to different cancer types
An average TPC yield of 5.91 mg gram of dry weight (GAE)/g was obtained from sugarcane bagasse (SCB) by the treatment combination of methanol and orbital shaker used for 24 h
Summary
Every sugar mill worldwide processes large quantities of sugarcane, generating vast amounts of bagasse as a byproduct. In the United States (the 10th largest producer worldwide), Louisiana milled 15 million tons of sugarcane [1] in 2018, producing around 4 million tons of SCB. In Mexico, the state of Veracruz milled over 20 million tons of sugarcane in 2015, producing over 5 million tons of SCB [2]. This byproduct can be used as a potential source of phenolic compounds (PhCs) and has beneficial antioxidant properties [3]. Several parameters, such as particle size, solvent, temperature, and extraction methods, ensure the best extraction yield of PhCs from a plant matrix. A smaller particle size offers a greater surface area, allowing better interaction of the chosen solvent with the samples; this may not always be true because tiny particles can lead to aggregation, affecting the overall extraction
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