Abstract
Simple SummaryIn the poultry industry, where the cost of feed constitutes most of the expenses, sudden changes in feed prices make it a challenge for nutritionists to maintain the yield and health of animals while managing the diet costs. It is the first solution that comes to mind to use inexpensive raw materials while preparing diets in practical conditions. In addition, feeds used in diets should be digestible by poultry. In the poultry digestive system, feeds such as sunflower meals are difficult to digest due to containing high cellulose because there is no cellulase secretion in the digestive system. The use of multi-enzyme which enhanced the digestibility of nutrients and decreased antinutritional compounds such as cellulose and nonstarch polysaccharides in diets with sunflower meal can positively affect performance and the profitability of the growers.This study aimed to investigate the effect of dietary sunflower meal (SFM) and multi-enzyme levels on performance, carcass traits, intestinal histomorphology and pancreatic enzyme production in quails. Three hundred and twenty, 1-day-old quail chicks were divided into 8 groups with 4 replicates consisting of 10 birds each in the group. The experiment was randomized design consisting of a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement, with four levels of SFM (0%, 10%, 15%, or 20%) and two levels of multi-enzyme (0.0 or 1.0 g/kg) inclusion in the diet. The body weight, body weight gain, and feed conversion ratio were negatively influenced by the 15% and 20% SFM (p < 0.01) but were not affected by the 10% SFM for 6 week age. The relative gizzard (p < 0.05) weights significantly increased with 20% SFM, but the relative breast weight decreased (p < 0.01). The relative liver weight increased by the addition of enzymes in the diet (p < 0.05). The villus width (p < 0.01) and villus surface area (p < 0.05) of ileum increased linearly with SFM, whereas the villus height (p < 0.01), villus height: crypt depth (p < 0.01) and tunica muscularis thickness (p < 0.01) decreased linearly with SFM. Consequently, it is possible to say that the birds with the least absorptive same weight are the most efficient. The addition of multi-enzyme increased villus height and crypt depth but decreased tunica muscularis thickness of ileum (p < 0.01). Chymotrypsin activity in the pancreas decreased linearly with SFM (p < 0.01). Amylase activity in the pancreas decreased significantly with the addition of the multi-enzyme (p < 0.05). As a result of the study, SFM can be used at a 10% level in growing quail diets with beneficial effects on the absorption surface area. The effects of enzyme supplementation on parameters measured were less pronounced than the SFM inclusion level that higher villus height and lower tunica muscularis thickness were determined in multi-enzyme-fed birds compared to those untreated counterparts.
Highlights
Soybean meal is traditionally used over decades as the main source of protein in the nutrition of poultry with its high protein and lysine content and little amount of anti-nutritional compounds as well
The effects of enzyme supplementation on parameters measured were less pronounced than the sunflower meal (SFM) inclusion level that higher villus height and lower tunica muscularis thickness were determined in multi-enzyme-fed birds compared to those untreated counterparts
No significant effect of multi-enzyme as the main factor and SFM × enzyme interaction were noted on body weight (BW), body weight gain (BWG), feed intake (FI), feed conversion ratio (FCR) or mortality in growing quail (p > 0.05)
Summary
Soybean meal is traditionally used over decades as the main source of protein in the nutrition of poultry with its high protein and lysine content and little amount of anti-nutritional compounds as well. The need for alternative protein sources such as lupine, chickpea, faba bean, and insect meal is increasing day by day [1,2,3,4]. The high price of soybean meal increases the importance of sunflower meal (SFM), which is one of the most produced oilseed meal in our country, as an alternative protein source to soybean meal [5]. The use of SFM, the oil industry by-product, in broiler diets is limited due to its high cellulose and low lysine content but it is free of anti-nutritional compounds and contains high calcium, phosphorus, and methionine [6]
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