Abstract
Foodborne disease caused by Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) is one of the important public health and economic concerns. A study was conducted to determine the effect of supplementation with 2-nitroethanol (NE) and 2-nitropropanol (NP) on Salmonella recovery of internal organs as well as on the immune gene expression in the ileum of laying hens. Thirty-six White Leghorns were orally gavaged with nalidixic acid resistant Salmonella Enteritidis (SENR). Hens were housed individually in wire-laying cages and randomly assigned to six dietary treatments: T1 = SENR unchallenged (negative control), T2 = SENR challenged (positive control), T3 = SENR challenged + 100ppm NE, T4 = SENR challenged + 200ppm NE, T5 = SENR challenged + 100ppm NP, and T6 = SENR challenged + 200ppm NP. Hens were sampled at 7 days post inoculation (dpi). Ceca, liver with gall bladder (L/GB), and ovary samples were collected for bacteriology, and ileum samples were collected for analysis of immune gene expression. T3 and T6 significantly reduced (P <0.05) cecal SENR count, whereas T4 and T5 were not different from T2, the SENR challenged control. There was no significant difference in SENR reduction in the L/GB or ovary after supplementation of either nitrocompounds. Pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines such as interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-1B, IL-6, toll-like receptors (TLR)-4, and IL-10 all were significantly upregulated (P <0.05) after SENR challenge. Supplementation at both levels of NE and NP showed a significant immune gene expression response in the ileum with reduction of IFN-γ, IL-6, TLR-4, and IL-10 mRNA expression. Overall, nitrocompounds such as NE and NP can be used in the intervention strategy to reduce Salmonella infection in hens.
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