Effect of Dietary Crude Protein on Animal Performance, Blood Biochemistry Profile, Ruminal Fermentation Parameters and Carcass and Meat Quality of Heavy Fattening Assaf Lambs.

Cristina Saro,Javier Mateo,Irma Caro,Miguel Fernández,Raúl Bodas,Diego Eloy Carballo,Carmen Valdés,Francisco Javier Giráldez

doi:10.3390/ani10112177

Abstract

Simple SummaryThis study was designed to assess the optimal level of crude protein inclusion in the diet of heavy fattening Assaf lambs. Our results suggested that levels of crude protein between 134 and 173 g/kg DM (dry matter) influence the dry matter intake and performance of lambs, but no effects were observed on rumen function, animal health, or carcass and meat quality. To maximize growth performance, a minimum level of crude protein of 157 g/kg dry matter is needed, but protein content beyond that level does not improve meat quality and could worsen profitability.Thirty Assaf male lambs (30 ± 1.9 kg of body weight) were allocated to three groups fed diets differing in their crude protein (CP) contents (low protein (LP), 134 g CP/kg dry matter (DM); medium protein (MP), 157 g CP/kg DM; and high protein (HP), 173 g CP/kg DM) to test the effect of dietary protein content on animal performance, rumen function, animal health, and carcass and meat quality. Feed intake was recorded daily, and animals were weighed every second week. Lambs were blood-sampled to determine their acid–base status and biochemical profile. After 70 days of trial, lambs were slaughtered, and the ruminal content was collected to assess ruminal fermentation. Finally, carcass and meat quality were evaluated. Dry matter intake and average daily gain increased (p < 0.05) when increasing the level of dietary CP. There were not significant differences (p > 0.05) in the evaluated parameters in the rumen fluid of lambs. There were not significant differences in carcass or meat quality (p > 0.05) and in those parameters related to blood acid–base status. Several biochemical parameters showed differences depending on diet CP level (urea, protein, albumin, glucose, and calcium; p < 0.05). Feeding costs calculated in relation to cold carcass weight decreased when dietary CP decreased. The results suggested that a dietary protein content greater than 157 g/kg DM would be required to maximize growth performance in Assaf male fattening lambs under 50 kg of body weight. However, a protein content beyond that level was not found to improve either carcass or meat quality and could worsen profitability.

Highlights

The Assaf breed has successfully spread in the Mediterranean area during the last four decades, and it is currently the main sheep breed in intensive dairy production systems in several countries [1,2,3].In these systems, milk sales represent the main income component, and most male lambs are sold as milk-fed lambs [4,5]
Protein over-feeding in ruminant diets projects a negative image of the production system because of both the environmental cost and the competition for these resources with humans and other livestock species that are more efficient than ruminants [9]
(30 ± 1.9 kg) and age (89 ± 0.8 days), and they were randomly allocated to one of the three experimental diets differing in crude protein (CP) contents (134, 157, and 173 g of CP/kg DM for low protein (LP), medium protein (MP), and high protein (HP) diets, respectively)

Summary

Introduction

The Assaf breed has successfully spread in the Mediterranean area during the last four decades, and it is currently the main sheep breed in intensive dairy production systems in several countries [1,2,3]. In these systems, milk sales represent the main income component, and most male lambs are sold as milk-fed lambs [4,5]. Heavy fattening male lamb production is increasing in response to growing demand from African countries. Europe is dependent on overseas land for soybean meal, the source of protein most used in livestock feeding

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Conclusion