Effect of crude protein reduction in blood, performance, immunological, and intestinal histological parameters of broiler chickens.

Abstract

We aimed to evaluate the effects of the reduction in dietary crude protein (CP) on blood urea, uric acid, performance, immunity, and intestinal histology of broilers. Four diets were formulated with 22.50%, 21.50%, 20.50%, and 19.50% of CP (1 to 21 days) and 19.20%, 18.20%, 17.20%, and 16.20% of CP (22 to 42 days), meeting the requirements of essential amino acids in all diets. A total of 800 male Ross chicks were randomly allocated to 32 pens, with 25 birds each (n = 8). Blood and intestines had been collected for analysis. Uric acid decreased and urea increased with the reduction of CP (p < 0.05). Reduction in performance and intestinal parameters (villus, crypt, and goblet cells) was observed with the reduction of CP (p < 0.05). Lower levels of CP resulted in alteration (p < 0.05) in CD4 and CD8 lineages (21 and 42 days). Broken-line models estimated (p < 0.05) the CP requirement for growth between 21% and 21.3% (1 to 21 days) and between 17.2% and 17.4% (22 to 42 days) and CP requirements between 17.2% and 18.2% for maximum response of immune cells (42 days). Reduction in dietary CP has a negative impact on performance, immune response, and intestinal histology of broilers, even with adequate levels of essential amino acids.