Effect of Cr substitution on nickel spinel ferrite’s surface morphology, structure, antibacterial activity and magnetic properties

Abstract

This study reports the sol–gel auto-combustion (SGACT) synthesis of Cr-substituted NiFe2O4 nanoferrites with a composition, of CrxNi(1−x)Fe2O4 (where x = 0.000, 0.025, 0.050, 0.100, 0.150, 0.200), and it examines the effects of chromium on spinel ferrite’s structure and properties. The doping of Cr at the nickel site is first reported in the present study. The computed crystallite size “t” from the XRD results was found in the range of 34.2–40.4 nm, whereas, FESEM plots show larger-sized grains due to the aggregation of a large number of crystallites for the produced nanoferrites. Maximum saturation magnetization of 42.44 emu/g was attained by the Cr0.050Ni0.950Fe2O4 (x = 0.050) specimen, whereas, the Cr0.200Ni0.800Fe2O4 (x = 0.200) specimen attains the maximum coercivity in the current study. All these excellent values of magnetic parameters make our SGACT-produced nanoferrites useful for magnetic recording media applications. In S. aureus, Cr0.200Ni0.800Fe2O4 nanoparticles showed the highest zone of inhibition (ZOI) whereas, Cr0.050Ni0.950Fe2O4 nanoparticles showed the least ZOI. On the other hand, in E. coli, Cr0.850Ni0.150Fe2O4, Cr0.200Ni0.800Fe2O4 and Cr0.050Ni0.950Fe2O4 nanoparticles showed good ZOI. This makes our developed nanoferrites beneficial for biological applications as antibacterial agents.