Abstract
This study quantifies the effects of chloride ions on silver and copper release from porous ceramic cubes embedded with silver and copper and its effect on E. coli disinfection in drinking water. Log-reduction of E. coli by silver ions decreased after 4 h of contact time as the chloride ion concentration increased from 0 to 250 mg/L but, it was not changed by copper ions under the same conditions. For silver addition by silver-ceramic cubes, log reductions of E. coli decreased sharply from 7.2 to 1.6 after 12 h as the chloride concentration increased from 0 to 250 mg/L. For the silver-ceramic cube experiments, chloride ion also reduced the total silver concentration in solution. After 24 h, total silver concentrations in solution decreased from 61 µg/L to 20 µg/L for corresponding chloride ion concentrations. According to the MINTEQ equilibrium model analysis, the decrease in disinfection ability with silver embedded ceramic cubes could be the result of precipitation of silver ions as silver chloride. This suggests that AgCl was precipitating within the pore space of the ceramic. These results indicate that, although ionic silver is a highly effective disinfectant for E. coli, the presence of chloride ions can significantly reduce disinfection efficacy. For copper-ceramic cubes, log reductions of E. coli by copper embedded cubes increased from 1.2 to 1.5 when chloride ion concentration increased from 0 to 250 mg/L. Total copper concentrations in solution increased from 4 µg/L to 14 µg/L for corresponding chloride ion concentrations. These results point towards the synergistic effect of chloride ions on copper oxidation as an increased concentration of chloride enhances copper release.
Highlights
Ceramic filters (CFs) are known as one of the promising point-of-use water treatment technologies for turbidity or bacteria removal [1]
This figure figure shows shows that that silver silver release release from from the the silver silver ions embedded cubes decreased with increased chloride concentrations
The release of silver ions from the ceramic cube is decreased with the increasing concentration of chloride because silver ions precipitate with formation of silver chloride, diffusing into the ceramic cube through the pores [23]
Summary
Ceramic filters (CFs) are known as one of the promising point-of-use water treatment technologies for turbidity or bacteria removal [1]. Ceramic filtration was developed to increase removal efficiency of microorganisms and has become an increasingly studied method. In order to increase bacterial removal ability, some research has been studied on ceramic filter with metallic silver embedded [2,3]. Silver nanoparticles [4,5]. Silver has been known to have strong biocidal activity against bacteria, viruses, and protozoa [10,11]. Porous ceramic media embedded with silver has widely been used in recent decades for point-of-use water treatment, in developing countries [3,8,12,13]. The release of silver from embedded ceramic
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