Abstract
Objective To evaluate the chemical degradation effect on microhardness and roughness of composite resins after aging. Materials and Methods Specimens (n = 10) were used for Filtek Z350 XT (Z350), Filtek Bulk Fill (BULK), Micerium HRI (HRI), Micerium BIOFUNCION (BIO), and Vittra APS (VITTRA). Microhardness and roughness were performed before and after degradation with the followed solutions: citric acid, phosphoric acid, 75% alcohol, and distilled water. Samples were to a 180-day chemical cycling protocol. After degradation, one sample of each group was selected for scanning electron microscope evaluation. The data were analyzed with normal distribution (Kolmogorov–Smirnov) and similarities of variations for the Bartlett test. ANOVA (two-way) followed by Tukey's test was performed considering treatment and composite resin (P < 0.05). Results For microhardness and roughness, variations were noted to different solution and resin formulations. Z350 and HRI showed higher microhardness percentage loss, and it was more evident after storage in alcohol (−48.49 ± 20.16 and −25.02 ± 14.04, respectively) and citric acid (−65.05 ± 28.97 and 16.12 ± 8.35, respectively). For roughness, Z350 and VITTRA showed less delta values after alcohol storage (−0.047 ± 0.007 and −0.022 ± 0.009, respectively). HRI had the worst roughness for citric acid (−0.090 ± 0.025). All resins were not statistically different between each other in water and phosphoric acid. Conclusion The formulations of restorative resin materials influenced in degree of surface degradation after 180 days of chemical degradation. Water was considered the solution that causes less degradation for microhardness and roughness evaluations. For microhardness, alcohol was considered the worst solution for Z350 and HRI. For superficial roughness, Z350 and VITTRA showed less degradation in alcohol and citric and phosphoric acid solutions.
Highlights
Since the composite resins have been developed, these materials have undergone many changes in composition and properties with the intention to improve dental restorations durability [1]
Us, in front of the new formulations of composite resins available and understanding the imminent staining process that all materials can suffer into the oral cavity, this study aimed to evaluate the effect on microhardness and roughness properties of composite resins with different compositions after chemical degradation. e hypothesis tested was that different formulations of composite resins could interfere in degree of chemical degradation
The Vickers microhardness of composite resins tested had variations in relation to loss and gain of hardness when they are stored in water, alcohol, citric acid, and phosphoric acid (Table 2)
Summary
Since the composite resins have been developed, these materials have undergone many changes in composition and properties with the intention to improve dental restorations durability [1]. In this context, the presence of filler particles has become a determining factor in the mechanical behavior of polymer-based restorations, improving abrasion resistance, increasing mechanical strength, and reducing shrinkage and polymerization stress [2,3,4]. With the increase in demand for extremely esthetic direct restorative materials and the necessity to improve physical and mechanical properties, the introduction of nanotechnology in composite resins was growing up [8, 9]. With intension to make the nanoparticle composite resins closer to natural teeth tissue characteristics, health biocompatible new International Journal of Dentistry
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