Abstract
The amount of cerium added to cast iron to obtain spheroidal graphite can be reduced to one-tenth the amount ordinarily used. In ordinary low-sulfur cast iron the main portion of the cerium is not utilized for the direct purpose. Considering the substantial variation in the composition and number of inclusions in cast irons, one can easily explain the reasons for the different opinions on the modifying action of cerium, neodymium, and praseodymium [1, 2].
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