Effect of Cardisoma guanhumi (land crab) extract on liver function and liver histology of Swiss mice infected with Bordetella pertussis

Enyi, I O,Hart, A I,Siminialayi, I M

doi:10.15520/ijcrr.v11i01.781

Enyi, I O, Hart, A I + Show 1 more

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https://doi.org/10.15520/ijcrr.v11i01.781

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Abstract

Pertussis also known as whooping cough is an acute human respiratory tract disease caused by Bordetella pertussis that is known to be associated with liver pathology. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Bordetella pertussis infection on the liver function and histology of Swiss mice and to evaluate the mitigating effects of Cardisoma guanhumi extract on these changes in comparison to erythromycin treatment. The animals were divided into five groups: group 1 was normal control; group 2 was infected with Bordetella pertussis without treatment (negative control); groups 3 and 4 were Bordetella pertussis infected and treated with 300mg/kg and 600mg/kg of Cardisoma guanhumi extract, respectively; and group 5 was infected and treated with 4000mg/70kg of erythromycin in divided doses. The animals were inoculated with a single infective dose of Bordetella pertussis and were consequently treated with the graded doses of the extract and erythromycin for a period of eighteen days, after the animals were confirmed infected. The mice were humanely sacrificed using diethyl ether anesthesia and blood samples taken for evaluation of liver function and liver tissue harvested and processed for histological examination. The results showed that Cardisoma guanhumi extract reversed the pathological changes in the liver of mice infected with Bordetella pertussis in a dose- and time-dependent manner, suggesting prophylactic and curative potentials of Cardisoma guanhumi extract against B. pertussis.

Highlights

Bacterial infections are normally associated with hepatic pathology, and hepatitis pathogenesis is not obvious, liver cell destruction in pertussis-related illness has various mechanisms involving general adverse effects of specific endotoxin and undetermined inflammatory response to gastro-intestinal injury (Abro et al, 2009)
The results showed that Cardisoma guanhumi extract reversed the pathological changes in the liver of mice infected with Bordetella pertussis in a dose- and time-dependent manner, suggesting prophylactic and curative potentials of Cardisoma guanhumi extract against B. pertussis
Momoh et al, (2013) noted that infection with B. pertussis produced a reduction in Total bilirubin (TB) and an increase in Total protein (TP), Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) and Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) while Adeyi et al, (2013) reported that infection with S. typhi bacteria resulted in an International Journal of Contemporary Research and Review www.ijcrr.info, Vol 11, Issue. 01

Summary

Introduction

Bacterial infections are normally associated with hepatic pathology, and hepatitis pathogenesis is not obvious, liver cell destruction in pertussis-related illness has various mechanisms involving general adverse effects of specific endotoxin and undetermined inflammatory response to gastro-intestinal injury (Abro et al, 2009). O. et al / Effect of Cardisoma guanhumi (land crab) extract on liver function and liver histology of Swiss mice infected with Bordetella pertussis increase in the levels of ALP, AST, ALT and TP. Cardisoma guanhumi is a species of land crab that is found in tropical and subtropical estuaries and other maritime areas of land along the Atlantic coast of the Americas (Renata et al, 2012) They are known to be good sources of essential macro and micro minerals such as potassium, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, copper, iron, manganese, and zinc. Chitosan fights against numerous pathogenic organisms like fungi, spoilage microorganisms, gram positive and gram negative bacteria (Mahae et al, 2011) This is the first attempt at establishing the antibacterial effects of crab extract which was influenced by anecdotal evidence of the curative potential of crabs in whooping cough among the bonny people of Rivers State, Nigeria. This study focused on investigating the effect of Cardisoma guanhumi (land crab) extract on liver function test and liver histology in Swiss mice infected with Bordetella pertussis

Material and methods

Discussion