Abstract
Adequate supply of minerals in the diet is necessary for the proper functioning of the human body. In recent years gluten-free diet, which rigorous forms may lead to deficiencies of mineral components (especially Mg, Mn, Zn and Cu), is becoming more and more popular. Buckwheat grains do not contain gluten, and their nutritional value is very high. They are often consumed in the form of groats, which are obtained from roasted and dehulled seeds. The purpose of the work was to determine how conducting the buckwheat groats production in industrial conditions affects the content and availability of magnesium, manganese, zinc and copper. The results indicated that husk removal had a particularly adverse effect on the total manganese content and its amount released by enzymatic digestion, whereas it had a positive effect on the post-digestion zinc level by increasing it by nearly half. Hydrothermal processes especially affected the release of analysed elements simulated by the in vitro method, and the extent of changes depended on the processing parameters. It was shown that bioaccessibility of minerals may be increased by treating buckwheat at a lower temperature for a short time, which has a particularly beneficial effect on the manganese and magnesium. Treating grains at a higher temperature reduces the bioaccessibility of all analysed elements, which was particularly noted for zinc and copper. Based on the obtained results, it should be stated that buckwheat groats should be a regular part of human diet, because they are a good source of easily digestible mineral compounds. Their consumption should be especially considered by people on a rigorous gluten-free diet, as they can prevent mineral deficiencies associated with its use.
Highlights
IntroductionBoth macro- and micronutrients, have many important functions in the human body
Minerals, both macro- and micronutrients, have many important functions in the human body.Their excessively small or large amount in the diet may lead to characteristic disorders and increases the risk of the “diseases of affluence” [1,2,3,4]
A similar content of manganese, zinc and copper was found in buckwheat grains by Steadman et al [25] who reported that the magnesium content was nearly twice as high
Summary
Both macro- and micronutrients, have many important functions in the human body. Their excessively small or large amount in the diet may lead to characteristic disorders and increases the risk of the “diseases of affluence” (osteoporosis, hypertension, cancer, coronary heart disease, diabetes) [1,2,3,4]. The composition of food influences the availability for intestinal absorption, so it is important to determine the availability of minerals from individual. The bioaccessibility of mineral nutrients from plant products is lower than from animal products, and the factors limiting their absorption include compounds contained in plant matrix as oxalates, phytates, polyphenolic compounds and dietary fibre, because they bind or chelate metal ions in forms that do not dissolve [8]
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