Abstract
Synthesis of nanoparticles using the plants has several advantages over other methods due to the environmentally friendly nature of plants. Besides being environmentally friendly, the synthesis of nanoparticles using plants or parts of the plants is also cost effective. The present study focuses on the biosynthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) using the seed extract of Butea monsoperma and their effect on to the quorum-mediated virulence factors of multidrug-resistant clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa at sub minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The synthesized ZnO NPs were characterized by different techniques, such as Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The average size of the nanoparticles was 25 nm as analyzed by TEM. ZnO NPs at sub MIC decreased the production of virulence factors such as pyocyanin, protease and hemolysin for P. aeruginosa (p ≤ 0.05). The interaction of NPs with the P. aeruginosa cells on increasing concentration of NPs at sub MIC levels showed greater accumulation of nanoparticles inside the cells as analyzed by TEM.
Highlights
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen which attacks individuals suffering from different diseases including cancer, AIDS, and cystic fibrosis, as well patients who have medical implants or burn victims [1,2,3,4]
The Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra at 10 mL extract concentration showed two different peaks at 1632, 3464 which represent -C=O stretching, -OH stretching whereas 20 mL extract concentration showed 4 intense peaks at 826, 1385, 1685, and 3381 correspondent to -C-H out of plane, -N-O(nitro), -NH2 wagging,and
Hemolytic activity of the isolates was affected by zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs); by ZnO NPs; PAO1 showed 45% reduction in the hemolytic activity at highest sub Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) level
Summary
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen which attacks individuals suffering from different diseases including cancer, AIDS, and cystic fibrosis, as well patients who have medical implants or burn victims [1,2,3,4]. It is a very common pathogen that develops resistance against antibiotics and overcomes antibiotic treatment [5,6]. P. aeruginosa confers its pathogenesis and develops multidrug resistance through Quorum sensing [7]. Quorum sensing is a cell to cell communication responsible for different virulence gene expressions such as pyocyanin, proteases, toxins, and biofilm. Different compounds that interfere with this bacterial cell to cell communication are known as quorum. Antibiotics 2020, 9, 260 quenchers, and these quorum quenchers attenuate the expressions of virulence genes responsible for proteases, toxins, siderophores, swarming and biofilm formation [8]. Quorum quenchers do not interfere with growth, and there is the least probability of development of resistance against them [9,10]
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