Effect of Biogas Slurry Return to Field on Heavy Metal Accumulation in Soil-crop System: A Meta-analysis

Abstract

To investigate the effects of biogas slurry return-to-field methods, the duration of biogas slurry return to field and the amount of heavy metals brought in from biogas slurry on the accumulation of heavy metals in soil-crop systems, and the importance of factors influencing heavy metal accumulation, 41 papers and 1972 pairs of data were integrated and analyzed. The results showed that the application of biogas slurry alone significantly increased the accumulation of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, and Zn in soil and As and Cr in crops by 20.5%, 15.2%, 25.6%, 18.7%, and 26.3% and 14.6% and 39.5%, respectively, and it had no significant effect on the accumulation of other heavy metals in crops. The combined application of biogas slurry and chemical fertilizers significantly increased the accumulation of soil Cr and Zn by 8.05% and 4.70% and decreased the accumulation of As by crops. Correlation analysis showed that the accumulation rates of soil As, Cd, and Cr were highly significantly and positively correlated (P<0.01) with the duration of biogas slurry return to field and soil organic matter (SOM) content, with correlation coefficients of 0.30, 0.15, and 0.13 and 0.22, 0.27, and 0.22, respectively; they were highly significantly and negatively correlated (P<0.01) with soil pH, with correlation coefficients of 0.16, 0.13, and 0.11, respectively. The heavy metals brought in by biogas slurry return to field promoted the accumulation of As, Cd, and Cr in soil and As, Cd, Cr, and Zn in crops, whereas the accumulation of Cd, Cu, and Zn in soil promoted the accumulation of Cd, Cu, and Zn in crops, with correlation coefficients of 0.45, 0.58, and 0.42, respectively. The main factors of heavy metal accumulation in the soil-crop systems were the duration of biogas slurry return to field, SOM, and soil pH.