Effect of Bacillus Sphaericus Bacteria on the Calcined Clay Incorporated Cement Concrete

Abstract

The partial substitution of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) with Supplementary Cementitious Materials is the most efficient way to reduce CO2 emissions in the worldwide cement production business (SCMs). Calcined clay can be considered one of the successful CO2 emission reduction techniques to achieve this. Calcined clay is used as an SCM in this study to replace cement to varied degrees in the pro-portions of 10%, 15%, and 20%. The self-healing capabilities of concrete are also investigated using calcined clay and Bacillus Sphaericus bacteria with a bacterial population of 108 cells/ml. Samples were evaluated for water absorption and compressive strength at 7, 14, and 28 days, respectively. When bacteria-embedded concrete is used in place of some calcined clay, the compressive strength of the concrete is raised by 21 percent, 24 percent, and 25 percent at 28 days. The bacteria in the calcined clay reduce the concrete's porosity and boost its compressive strength as a result, making concrete building more efficient and cost-effective.