Effect of Aqueous Solanum macrocarpon Leaves Extract on Hyperglycemia, Liver Enzymes, and Liver and Pancreas Histology in Alloxan-Induced Diabetes

Abstract

Solanum macrocarpon (SM) is frequently used for both medicinal and dietary purposes. It has been documented to have hypoglycemic properties in diabetes management. This research delved into the effect of aqueous Solanum macrocarpon leaves extract on blood glucose levels, liver enzymes, antioxidant enzymes, and histology of the liver and pancreas in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. A total of thirty male Wistar rats, with weights ranging from 150 to 200 g, were randomly divided into six groups, each containing five rats. The normal (A) and diabetic control (B) groups received distilled water. The diabetic treated groups (C, D, E, and F) were administered 5 mg of glibenclamide, 250 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg, and 750 mg/kg of Solanum macrocarpon extract orally for a period of 14 days. Significant reversal of the altered levels of liver enzymes was noted in the results. Positive alterations in blood glucose concentration and antioxidant enzyme activity were also observed. The histological examination showed damage to the hepatic and pancreatic cells of the diabetic untreated rat group, which was mitigated in diabetic rats treated with the aqueous extract. The findings indicate that the aqueous Solanum macrocarpon leaves extract serves as a valuable source of natural antioxidants, promoting both liver function and blood glucose regulation.