Abstract
The experiment was conducted in two stages: first stage: determination of the most effective dose of Cyperus rotundus tubers aquatic extract in male rats for 5 days, which was concentrated as (200 mg/kg body weight). The second stage was designed to observe and test the protective effects of C. rotundus tubers aquatic extract in the liver and kidney functions of male rats exposed to cadmium chloride poisoning (5 mg/kg bw) for 30 days. The animals were divided into (4) groups within each group (5) animals weighted (200-220g). The results of oral dose of cadmium chloride showed a significant increase of (P˂0.05) in the activity of both enzymes Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), glucose, urea, uric acid, creatinine, malondialdehyde (MDA) and peroxynitrite (ONOO-). And a significant decrease (P˂0.05) in the values of total protein, albumin, globulin and glutathione (GSH) compared with the control group. The oral dosage of the C. rotundus tubers aquatic extract resulted in a significant increase in GSH. The values of each were not significantly different ALT, AST, ALP, Glucose, urea, uric acid, creatinine, total protein, albumin, globulin, MDA and peroxy nitrite Compare with control group. The results of the oral dosage with (C. rotundus tubers aquatic extract + cadmium chloride) showed a positive effect on these values compared with the control group and cadmium chloride. It is concluded that the C. rotundus tubers aquatic extract has protective effects and reduces the effects that cadmium chloride can cause in rats liver and kidney functions through its antioxidant activity and removal of free radicals.
Highlights
Cumulative effect of urbanization, industrialization and population growth increases pressure on the limited natural resources
The reason for the rise in the level of these enzymes indicates liver damage from the effect of cadmium chloride [27]. This can lead to the necrosis of the liver which causes increasing permeability of the cell membrane leading to secretion or transmission of transaminases enzymes in the bloodstream, and that increasing in alkaline phosphatase represents general hepatic toxicity [28]
The increase can be due to the increase of pyurines, which are the basic materials for the formation of uric acid, which may result from the destruction of nucleic acids, and that cadmium destroys DNA [32]
Summary
Cumulative effect of urbanization, industrialization and population growth increases pressure on the limited natural resources. Among the diverse environmental problems and increasingly serious, the discharge of heavy metals in environment through industrial, agricultural and domestic activities is of great concern [1]. Cadmium (Cd) a heavy metal of considerable toxicity, is one of the most widely existed toxic environmental pollutants. Industrial production such as batteries manufacture, pigments generation and metal plating obviously enhances the risk for the contamination of Cd in the atmosphere, chemical fertilizers, water and soil [2]. People are exposed to Cd from air, drinking water and so on. Tobacco smoking is another important way for people exposed to Cd [3, 4]. Tobacco smoking is another important way for people exposed to Cd [3, 4]. welding, and contaminated food and beverages[5]
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