Abstract
There is an arising and concerning issue in the field of bacterial resistance, which is confirmed by the number of deaths associated with drug-resistant bacterial infections. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of antibiotics on Staphylococcus aureus non-resistant strain and strains resistant to cadmium or lead ions. Metal resistant strains were created by the gradual addition of 2 mM solution of metal ions (cadmium or lead) to the S. aureus culture. An increasing antimicrobial effect of ampicillin, streptomycin, penicillin and tetracycline (0, 10, 25, 50, 75, 150, 225 and 300 µM) on the resistant strains was observed using a method of growth curves. A significant growth inhibition (compared to control) of cadmium resistant cells was observed in the presence of all the four different antibiotics. On the other hand, the addition of streptomycin and ampicillin did not inhibit the growth of lead resistant strain. Other antibiotics were still toxic to the bacterial cells. Significant differences in the morphology of cell walls were indicated by changes in the cell shape. Our data show that the presence of metal ions in the urban environment may contribute to the development of bacterial strain resistance to other substances including antibiotics, which would have an impact on public health.
Highlights
The seriousness of the problem of bacterial resistance is confirmed by the number of deaths associated with drug-resistant bacterial infections—only in the EU it affects 25,000 people a year [1].Recently, with the discovery of multi-resistant strains in the broader community, public health officials have begun to realize the potential danger of the spread of these antibiotic resistant bacteria [2].Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a resistance of microorganism to an antimicrobial medicine to which it was originally sensitive
This study is focused just on the investigation of metal and antibiotic (PNC—penicillin, STR—streptomycin, AMP—ampicillin, TTC—tetracycline) resistance on bacteria S. aureus just because of one important fact that most antibiotics are readily degraded in the environment, but metals are not, and so can represent a long-term selective pressure
The reported experiments were performed to study the effects of antibiotic drugs on non-resistant strains of S. aureus and S. aureus strains resistant to the effects of heavy metal ions
Summary
The seriousness of the problem of bacterial resistance is confirmed by the number of deaths associated with drug-resistant bacterial infections—only in the EU it affects 25,000 people a year [1].Recently, with the discovery of multi-resistant strains in the broader community, public health officials have begun to realize the potential danger of the spread of these antibiotic resistant bacteria [2].Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a resistance of microorganism to an antimicrobial medicine to which it was originally sensitive. The seriousness of the problem of bacterial resistance is confirmed by the number of deaths associated with drug-resistant bacterial infections—only in the EU it affects 25,000 people a year [1]. With the discovery of multi-resistant strains in the broader community, public health officials have begun to realize the potential danger of the spread of these antibiotic resistant bacteria [2]. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a resistance of microorganism to an antimicrobial medicine to which it was originally sensitive. Creation of a resistance effect is dependent on the genes located in plasmids that are infectious matter transferred to other cells, so the resistance between bacteria spreads rapidly. The evolution of resistant strains is natural phenomenon that happens when microorganisms are exposed to antimicrobial drugs and resistant genes can be distributed between certain types of bacteria Resistant microorganisms are able to withstand an attack of antimicrobial medicines, so that standard treatments become ineffective and infections persist increasing the risk of spreading to others.
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