Effect of aluminum substitution on the structural and magnetic properties of cobalt ferrite synthesized by sol–gel auto combustion process

Abstract

Aluminum substituted cobalt ferrite powders (CoFe2−xAlxO4) with varying composition from 0.0 to 1.0 in the step of 0.2 have been obtained by sol–gel auto combustion technique using citric acid as a fuel. The metal nitrate to fuel ratio was maintained 1:4 throughout the synthesis of CoFe2−xAlxO4. The thermal analysis of as prepared samples is done by TGA technique. The compositional stoichiometry of the prepared samples is confirmed by Energy dispersive X-ray analysis technique. Single phase cubic spinel structure and nano phase structure of the synthesized powders were confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The crystallite size of 16–26nm was obtained using Scherrer formula. SEM analysis shows the formation of uniform grain growth. The grain size obtained from SEM results is of the order of 30nm. Maximum specific surface area was observed to be of the order of 52m2/gm. The highest value of saturation magnetization and coercivity was observed for pure cobalt ferrite sample and it decreases as the aluminum content x increases. A strong co-relation between the saturation magnetization and aluminum content was observed. The decrease in magnetic properties is due to the substitution of aluminum ions in place of Fe3+.